如何通过 Java 中的脚本弹出文本框(或工具提示)

How to pop up a text box(or tooltip) via script in Java(如何通过 Java 中的脚本弹出文本框(或工具提示))

问题描述

我有一个非常具体的问题:我希望能够通过方法调用在屏幕上的给定位置弹出一个带有文本的工具提示(它可以说任何东西)在方法调用的一定时间内(比如逻辑在谈话方法中)和淡去.我该怎么办?有没有办法通过 JTooltip 做到这一点?还是我必须潜入 JNA 才能得到我想要的?

I have a very specific question: I want to be able to, via a method call, popup a tooltip with text(it could say anything) in a given location on the screen for a certain amount of time on method call(say the logic is in a talk method) and fades away. How could I go about that? Is there a way to do it via JTooltip? Or would I have to dive into JNA to get what I want?

我应该提一下，我希望工具提示在给定位置弹出文本，而无需鼠标悬停，就像弹出窗口一样.

I should mention I want the tooltip to popup with text in a given location without the cue of a mouse over, like a popup.

另外，如果工具提示不是实现我想要的东西的正确方法(我希望我已经说清楚了)，是否有更有效的替代方法?

Also, in case a tooltip is not the right way to go about what I want (which I hope I made clear), is there a more effective alternative?

推荐答案

有几种方法可以实现.一种可能的方法是使用透明 JWindow 和 Swing Timer

There are few ways this might be achieved. One possible way is through the use of a transparent JWindow and a Swing Timer

基本上，它的作用是创建一个JWindow，将其背景颜色设置为完全透明，从而形成一个透明窗口.然后它使用简单的 BackgroundPane(呈现漂亮的背景)和 MessagePane 来保存实际消息.您可以在一个面板中执行此操作，但我喜欢它为我提供的灵活性.

Basically, what this does is creates a JWindow, set's it's background color to fully transparent, making a transparent window. It then uses simple BackgroundPane (to render a nice background) and MessagePane to hold the actual message. You can do this in one panel, but I like the flexibility this affords me.

现在，就个人而言，我会创建一个更简单的 API，它可以构建弹出窗口并创建一个具有可变延迟的 Timer，但你明白了

Now, personally, I would create a simpler API which could build the popup window and create a Timer with a variable delay, but you get the idea

import java.awt.BorderLayout;
import java.awt.Color;
import java.awt.EventQueue;
import java.awt.Graphics;
import java.awt.Graphics2D;
import java.awt.GridBagLayout;
import java.awt.LinearGradientPaint;
import java.awt.Point;
import java.awt.RenderingHints;
import java.awt.event.ActionEvent;
import java.awt.event.ActionListener;
import java.awt.geom.RoundRectangle2D;
import javax.swing.JFrame;
import javax.swing.JLabel;
import javax.swing.JPanel;
import javax.swing.JWindow;
import javax.swing.Timer;
import javax.swing.UIManager;
import javax.swing.UnsupportedLookAndFeelException;
import javax.swing.border.EmptyBorder;

public class PopupMessageWindow {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new PopupMessageWindow();
    }

    public PopupMessageWindow() {
        EventQueue.invokeLater(new Runnable() {
            @Override
            public void run() {
                try {
                    UIManager.setLookAndFeel(UIManager.getSystemLookAndFeelClassName());
                } catch (ClassNotFoundException | InstantiationException | IllegalAccessException | UnsupportedLookAndFeelException ex) {
                    ex.printStackTrace();
                }

                final JWindow frame = new JWindow();
                frame.setBackground(new Color(0, 0, 0, 0));
                BackgroundPane pane = new BackgroundPane();
                pane.setMessage("Boo, This is a popup...");
                frame.add(pane);
                frame.pack();
                frame.setLocationRelativeTo(null);
                frame.setVisible(true);
                frame.setAlwaysOnTop(true);

                Timer timer = new Timer(10000, new ActionListener() {
                    @Override
                    public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
                        frame.dispose();
                        System.exit(0);
                    }
                });
                timer.setRepeats(false);
                timer.start();
            }
        });
    }

    public class BackgroundPane extends JPanel {

        private MessagePane messagePane;

        public BackgroundPane() {
            setBorder(new EmptyBorder(40, 40, 40, 40));
            messagePane = new MessagePane();
            setLayout(new BorderLayout());
            add(messagePane);
            setOpaque(false);
        }

        public void setMessage(String msg) {
            messagePane.setMessage(msg);
        }

        @Override
        protected void paintComponent(Graphics g) {
            super.paintComponent(g);
            Graphics2D g2d = (Graphics2D) g.create();
            g2d.setRenderingHint(RenderingHints.KEY_ALPHA_INTERPOLATION, RenderingHints.VALUE_ALPHA_INTERPOLATION_QUALITY);
            g2d.setRenderingHint(RenderingHints.KEY_ANTIALIASING, RenderingHints.VALUE_ANTIALIAS_ON);
            g2d.setRenderingHint(RenderingHints.KEY_COLOR_RENDERING, RenderingHints.VALUE_COLOR_RENDER_QUALITY);
            g2d.setRenderingHint(RenderingHints.KEY_DITHERING, RenderingHints.VALUE_DITHER_ENABLE);
            g2d.setRenderingHint(RenderingHints.KEY_FRACTIONALMETRICS, RenderingHints.VALUE_FRACTIONALMETRICS_ON);
            g2d.setRenderingHint(RenderingHints.KEY_INTERPOLATION, RenderingHints.VALUE_INTERPOLATION_BILINEAR);
            g2d.setRenderingHint(RenderingHints.KEY_RENDERING, RenderingHints.VALUE_RENDER_QUALITY);
            g2d.setRenderingHint(RenderingHints.KEY_STROKE_CONTROL, RenderingHints.VALUE_STROKE_PURE);
            LinearGradientPaint glp = new LinearGradientPaint(
                            new Point(0, 0),
                            new Point(0, getHeight()),
                            new float[]{0f, 1f},
                            new Color[]{Color.GRAY, Color.BLACK});
            RoundRectangle2D frame = new RoundRectangle2D.Float(0, 0, getWidth() - 1, getHeight() - 1, 20, 20);
            g2d.setPaint(glp);
            g2d.fill(frame);
            g2d.setColor(Color.WHITE);
            g2d.draw(frame);
        }

    }

    public class MessagePane extends JPanel {

        private JLabel label;

        public MessagePane() {
            setOpaque(false);
            label = new JLabel();
            label.setForeground(Color.WHITE);
            setLayout(new GridBagLayout());
            add(label);
        }

        public void setMessage(String msg) {
            label.setText(msg);
        }

    }

}

您可以在背景面板上使用 AlphaComposite 来创建半透明背景

You could play with a AlphaComposite on the background panel to create a semi transparent background

使用 50% AlphaComposite

更新

您可以使用工厂模式或构建器模式来提供简单的 API，例如...

You could use a factory or builder pattern to provide a simple API, for example...

new PopupBuilder().at(new Point(100, 100)).withMessage("Hello").withDelay(5000).show();

构建器将收集您要指定的属性，在您未设置它们的地方提供默认值，然后显示最终弹出窗口.

The builder would collect the properties you want to specify, provide defaults where you didn't set them and then would show the final popup.

基本思想是当你调用 show 时，它会收集属性并构建窗口，类似于构造函数现在的工作方式......

The basic idea is when you call show, it would collect the properties and build the window similar to how the constructor works right now...

更新为淡出弹出窗口

这是(有点过分)如何产生淡入/淡出效果的示例.该示例保证消息将在指定的延迟时间内(满屏)显示在屏幕上

This is (a somewhat over the top) example of how you might be able to produce a fading in/out effect. The example guarantees that the message will be on the screen (full) for at specified delay period

import java.awt.AlphaComposite;
import java.awt.BorderLayout;
import java.awt.Color;
import java.awt.EventQueue;
import java.awt.Graphics;
import java.awt.Graphics2D;
import java.awt.GridBagLayout;
import java.awt.LinearGradientPaint;
import java.awt.Point;
import java.awt.RenderingHints;
import java.awt.Window;
import java.awt.event.ActionEvent;
import java.awt.event.ActionListener;
import java.awt.geom.RoundRectangle2D;
import javax.swing.JFrame;
import javax.swing.JLabel;
import javax.swing.JPanel;
import javax.swing.JWindow;
import javax.swing.Timer;
import javax.swing.UIManager;
import javax.swing.UnsupportedLookAndFeelException;
import javax.swing.border.EmptyBorder;

public class PopupMessageExample {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new PopupMessageExample();
    }

    public PopupMessageExample() {
        EventQueue.invokeLater(new Runnable() {
            @Override
            public void run() {
                try {
                    UIManager.setLookAndFeel(UIManager.getSystemLookAndFeelClassName());
                } catch (ClassNotFoundException | InstantiationException | IllegalAccessException | UnsupportedLookAndFeelException ex) {
                    ex.printStackTrace();
                }
                new PopupMessageBuilder().withDelay(10000).withMessage("Hello, this is a fading message").show();
            }
        });
    }

    public class PopupMessageBuilder {

        private int delay;
        private Point location;
        private String message;

        private long startTime;
        private Timer fadeTimer;

        public PopupMessageBuilder at(Point p) {
            this.location = p;
            return this;
        }

        public PopupMessageBuilder withDelay(int delay) {
            this.delay = delay;
            return this;
        }

        public PopupMessageBuilder withMessage(String msg) {
            this.message = msg;
            return this;
        }

        public PopupMessageBuilder show() {

            final JWindow frame = new JWindow();
            frame.setOpacity(0f);
            frame.setBackground(new Color(0, 0, 0, 0));
            BackgroundPane pane = new BackgroundPane();
            pane.setMessage(message);
            frame.add(pane);
            frame.pack();
            if (location == null) {
                frame.setLocationRelativeTo(null);
            } else {
                frame.setLocation(location);
            }
            frame.setVisible(true);
            frame.setAlwaysOnTop(true);

            new FadeTimer(frame, 1000, 0f, 1f, new ActionListener() {
                @Override
                public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
                    Timer timer = new Timer(delay, new ActionListener() {
                        @Override
                        public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
                            new FadeTimer(frame, 1000, 1f, 0f, new ActionListener() {
                                @Override
                                public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
                                    frame.dispose();
                                }
                            }).start();
                        }
                    });
                    timer.setRepeats(false);
                    timer.start();
                }
            }).start();

            return this;
        }

        public class FadeTimer extends Timer implements ActionListener {

            private final float startAt;
            private final float endAt;
            private final int duration;
            private long startTimer;

            private ActionListener endListener;

            private Window window;

            public FadeTimer(Window window, int duration, float startAt, float endAt, ActionListener endListener) {
                super(5, null);
                addActionListener(this);
                this.duration = duration;
                this.startAt = startAt;
                this.endAt = endAt;
                this.window = window;

                this.endListener = endListener;
            }

            @Override
            public void start() {
                startTime = System.currentTimeMillis();
                super.start();
            }

            @Override
            public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
                long now = System.currentTimeMillis();
                long lapsed = now - startTime;
                float opacity = startAt;
                if (lapsed >= duration) {
                    opacity = endAt;
                    ((Timer) e.getSource()).stop();
                    if (endListener != null) {
                        endListener.actionPerformed(new ActionEvent(this, ActionEvent.ACTION_PERFORMED, "stopped"));
                    }
                } else {
                    float progress = (float) lapsed / (float) duration;
                    float distance = endAt - startAt;
                    opacity = (float) (distance * progress);
                    opacity += startAt;
                }
                window.setOpacity(opacity);
            }

        }

        public class BackgroundPane extends JPanel {

            private MessagePane messagePane;

            public BackgroundPane() {
                setBorder(new EmptyBorder(40, 40, 40, 40));
                messagePane = new MessagePane();
                setLayout(new BorderLayout());
                add(messagePane);
                setOpaque(false);
            }

            public void setMessage(String msg) {
                messagePane.setMessage(msg);
            }

            @Override
            protected void paintComponent(Graphics g) {
                super.paintComponent(g);
                Graphics2D g2d = (Graphics2D) g.create();
                g2d.setRenderingHint(RenderingHints.KEY_ALPHA_INTERPOLATION, RenderingHints.VALUE_ALPHA_INTERPOLATION_QUALITY);
                g2d.setRenderingHint(RenderingHints.KEY_ANTIALIASING, RenderingHints.VALUE_ANTIALIAS_ON);
                g2d.setRenderingHint(RenderingHints.KEY_COLOR_RENDERING, RenderingHints.VALUE_COLOR_RENDER_QUALITY);
                g2d.setRenderingHint(RenderingHints.KEY_DITHERING, RenderingHints.VALUE_DITHER_ENABLE);
                g2d.setRenderingHint(RenderingHints.KEY_FRACTIONALMETRICS, RenderingHints.VALUE_FRACTIONALMETRICS_ON);
                g2d.setRenderingHint(RenderingHints.KEY_INTERPOLATION, RenderingHints.VALUE_INTERPOLATION_BILINEAR);
                g2d.setRenderingHint(RenderingHints.KEY_RENDERING, RenderingHints.VALUE_RENDER_QUALITY);
                g2d.setRenderingHint(RenderingHints.KEY_STROKE_CONTROL, RenderingHints.VALUE_STROKE_PURE);
                LinearGradientPaint glp = new LinearGradientPaint(
                                new Point(0, 0),
                                new Point(0, getHeight()),
                                new float[]{0f, 1f},
                                new Color[]{Color.GRAY, Color.BLACK});
                RoundRectangle2D frame = new RoundRectangle2D.Float(0, 0, getWidth() - 1, getHeight() - 1, 20, 20);
                g2d.setPaint(glp);
                g2d.fill(frame);
                g2d.setColor(Color.WHITE);
                g2d.draw(frame);
            }

        }

        public class MessagePane extends JPanel {

            private JLabel label;

            public MessagePane() {
                setOpaque(false);
                label = new JLabel();
                label.setForeground(Color.WHITE);
                setLayout(new GridBagLayout());
                add(label);
            }

            public void setMessage(String msg) {
                label.setText(msg);
            }

        }

    }

}

现在，您可能还可以通过更改框架的最大不透明度级别来做到这一点，但是，如果您更改 BackgroundPane

Now, you probably also do this by changing the maximum opacity level of the frame, but, if you change the paintComponent of the BackgroundPane

protected void paintComponent(Graphics g) {
    super.paintComponent(g);
    Graphics2D g2d = (Graphics2D) g.create();
    AlphaComposite alpha = AlphaComposite.SrcOver.derive(0.75f);
    g2d.setComposite(alpha);

您还可以影响弹出消息的过度不透明度.此方法只会影响背景，不会影响消息文本...

you can also effect the over opacity of the popup message. This method will only effect the background, not the message text...

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