执行 JpaTest 时找不到 @SpringBootConfiguration

Unable to find a @SpringBootConfiguration when doing a JpaTest(执行 JpaTest 时找不到 @SpringBootConfiguration)

问题描述

我是框架新手(刚刚通过了课程)，这是我第一次使用 Spring Boot.

I'm new to frameworks (just passed the class) and this is my first time using Spring Boot.

我正在尝试运行一个简单的 Junit 测试以查看我的 CrudRepositories 是否确实在工作.

I'm trying to run a simple Junit test to see if my CrudRepositories are indeed working.

我不断收到的错误是:

无法找到@SpringBootConfiguration，您需要在测试中使用@ContextConfiguration 或@SpringBootTest(classes=...)java.lang.IllegalStateException

Unable to find a @SpringBootConfiguration, you need to use @ContextConfiguration or @SpringBootTest(classes=...) with your test java.lang.IllegalStateException

Spring Boot 不会自己配置吗?

Doesn't Spring Boot configure itself?

我的测试班:

@RunWith(SpringRunner.class)
@DataJpaTest
@SpringBootTest(webEnvironment = WebEnvironment.RANDOM_PORT)
public class JpaTest {

@Autowired
private AccountRepository repository;

@After
public void clearDb(){
    repository.deleteAll();
}

 @Test
 public void createAccount(){
     long id = 12;
     Account u = new Account(id,"Tim Viz");
     repository.save(u);

     assertEquals(repository.findOne(id),u);

 }


 @Test
 public void findAccountByUsername(){
     long id = 12;
     String username = "Tim Viz";
     Account u = new Account(id,username);
     repository.save(u);

     assertEquals(repository.findByUsername(username),u);

 }

我的 Spring Boot 应用启动器:

My Spring Boot application starter:

@SpringBootApplication
@EnableJpaRepositories(basePackages = {"domain.repositories"})
@ComponentScan(basePackages = {"controllers","domain"})
@EnableWebMvc
@PropertySources(value    {@PropertySource("classpath:application.properties")})
    @EntityScan(basePackages={"domain"})
    public class Application extends SpringBootServletInitializer {
        public static void main(String[] args) {
            ApplicationContext ctx = SpringApplication.run(Application.class, args);         

        }
    }

我的仓库:

public interface AccountRepository extends CrudRepository<Account,Long> {

    public Account findByUsername(String username);

    }
}

推荐答案

确实，Spring Boot 确实在很大程度上设置了自己.您可能已经删除了很多您发布的代码，尤其是在 Application 中.

Indeed, Spring Boot does set itself up for the most part. You can probably already get rid of a lot of the code you posted, especially in Application.

我希望你已经包含了所有类的包名，或者至少包含 Application 和 JpaTest 的包名.关于 @DataJpaTest 和其他一些注解的事情是他们在当前包中寻找 @SpringBootConfiguration 注解，如果在那里找不到它，他们会遍历包直到他们找到它为止.

I wish you had included the package names of all your classes, or at least the ones for Application and JpaTest. The thing about @DataJpaTest and a few other annotations is that they look for a @SpringBootConfiguration annotation in the current package, and if they cannot find it there, they traverse the package hierarchy until they find it.

例如，如果您的测试类的完全限定名称是 com.example.test.JpaTest 而您的应用程序的名称是 com.example.Application，那么您的测试类将能够找到 @SpringBootApplication(以及其中的 @SpringBootConfiguration).

For example, if the fully qualified name for your test class was com.example.test.JpaTest and the one for your application was com.example.Application, then your test class would be able to find the @SpringBootApplication (and therein, the @SpringBootConfiguration).

但是，如果应用程序位于包层次结构的不同分支中，例如 com.example.application.Application，它将不找到它.

If the application resided in a different branch of the package hierarchy, however, like com.example.application.Application, it would not find it.

考虑以下 Maven 项目:

Consider the following Maven project:

my-test-project
  +--pom.xml
  +--src
    +--main
      +--com
        +--example
          +--Application.java
    +--test
      +--com
        +--example
          +--test
            +--JpaTest.java

然后是Application.java中的如下内容:

package com.example;

@SpringBootApplication
public class Application {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(Application.class, args);
    }
}

后面是JpaTest.java的内容:

package com.example.test;

@RunWith(SpringRunner.class)
@DataJpaTest
public class JpaTest {

    @Test
    public void testDummy() {
    }
}

一切都应该正常工作.如果您在 src/main/com/example 中创建一个名为 app 的新文件夹，然后将您的 Application.java 放入其中(并更新package 文件中的声明)，运行测试会给你以下错误:

Everything should be working. If you create a new folder inside src/main/com/example called app, and then put your Application.java inside it (and update the package declaration inside the file), running the test will give you the following error:

java.lang.IllegalStateException:无法找到@SpringBootConfiguration，您需要在测试中使用@ContextConfiguration 或@SpringBootTest(classes=...)

java.lang.IllegalStateException: Unable to find a @SpringBootConfiguration, you need to use @ContextConfiguration or @SpringBootTest(classes=...) with your test

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