String literals, interning and reflection(字符串文字、实习和反射)
问题描述
我正在尝试为这个问题找到第三种解决方案.
I'm trying to find a third solution to this question.
我不明白为什么这不打印 false
.
I can't understand why this doesn't print false
.
public class MyClass {
public MyClass() {
try {
Field f = String.class.getDeclaredField("value");
f.setAccessible(true);
f.set("true", f.get("false"));
} catch (Exception e) {
}
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
MyClass m = new MyClass();
System.out.println(m.equals(m));
}
}
当然,由于字符串实习,被修改的 "true"
实例与 PrintStream
的 print
方法中使用的实例完全相同?
Surely, because of string interning, the "true"
instance being modified is exactly the same one used in the print
method of PrintStream
?
public void print(boolean b) {
write(b ? "true" : "false");
}
我错过了什么?
编辑
@yshavit 的一个有趣的观点是,如果您添加该行
An interesting point by @yshavit is that if you add the line
System.out.println(true);
在try
之前,输出是
true
false
推荐答案
这可能是一个 HotSpot JVM 错误.
This is arguably a HotSpot JVM bug.
问题出在字符串字面量实习机制上.
java.lang.String
字符串文字的实例是在常量池解析期间延迟创建的.- 最初,常量池中的字符串文字由
CONSTANT_String_info
结构指向CONSTANT_Utf8_info
. - 每个类都有自己的常量池.也就是说,
MyClass
和PrintStream
有自己的一对CONSTANT_String_info
/CONSTANT_Utf8_info
用于文字 的 cpool 条目'真实'. - 当
CONSTANT_String_info
第一次被访问时,JVM启动解析过程.字符串实习是这个过程的一部分. - 为了找到匹配的文本,JVM 将
CONSTANT_Utf8_info
的内容与StringTable
中的字符串实例的内容进行比较. - ^^^ 这就是问题所在.来自 cpool 的原始 UTF 数据与 Java
char[]
数组内容进行比较,用户可以通过反射进行欺骗.
java.lang.String
instances for the string literals are created lazily during constant pool resolution.- Initially a string literal is represented in the constant pool by
CONSTANT_String_info
structure that points toCONSTANT_Utf8_info
. - Each class has its own constant pool. That is,
MyClass
andPrintStream
have their own pair ofCONSTANT_String_info
/CONSTANT_Utf8_info
cpool entries for the literal 'true'. - When
CONSTANT_String_info
is accessed for the first time, JVM initiates the process of resolution. String interning is the part of this process. - To find a match for a literal being interned, JVM compares the contents of
CONSTANT_Utf8_info
with the contents of string instances in theStringTable
. - ^^^ And here is the problem. Raw UTF data from cpool is compared to Java
char[]
array contents that can be spoofed by a user via Reflection.
那么,您的测试中发生了什么?
f.set("true", f.get("false"))
启动MyClass中文字'true'的解析代码>.
- JVM在
StringTable
中没有发现匹配序列'true'的实例,并创建一个新的java.lang.String
,将其存储在StringTable
中. value
被反射替换.System.out.println(true)
启动PrintStream
类中文字'true' 的解析.- JVM 将 UTF 序列 'true' 与来自
StringTable
的字符串进行比较,但没有找到匹配项,因为该字符串已经具有 'false' 值.'true' 的另一个字符串被创建并放置在StringTable
中.
StringTable
中该字符串的 f.set("true", f.get("false"))
initiates the resolution of the literal 'true' inMyClass
.- JVM discovers no instances in
StringTable
matching the sequence 'true', and creates a newjava.lang.String
, which is stored inStringTable
. value
of that String fromStringTable
is replaced via Reflection.System.out.println(true)
initiates the resolution of the literal 'true' inPrintStream
class.- JVM compares UTF sequence 'true' with Strings from
StringTable
, but finds no match, since that String already has 'false' value. Another String for 'true' is created and placed inStringTable
.
为什么我认为这是一个错误?
JLS §3.10.5 和 JVMS §5.1 要求包含相同字符序列的字符串文字必须指向相同的 java.lang.String
实例.
JLS §3.10.5 and JVMS §5.1 require that string literals containing the same sequence of characters must point to the same instance of java.lang.String
.
但是,在下面的代码中,两个具有相同字符序列的字符串文字的解析会导致不同实例.
However, in the following code the resolution of two string literals with the same sequence of characters result in different instances.
public class Test {
static class Inner {
static String trueLiteral = "true";
}
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
Field f = String.class.getDeclaredField("value");
f.setAccessible(true);
f.set("true", f.get("false"));
if ("true" == Inner.trueLiteral) {
System.out.println("OK");
} else {
System.out.println("BUG!");
}
}
}
JVM 的一个可能修复方法是将指向原始 UTF 序列的指针与 java.lang.String
对象一起存储在 StringTable
中,这样实习进程就不会比较 cpool带有 value
数组(可通过反射访问)的数据(用户无法访问).
A possible fix for JVM is to store a pointer to original UTF sequence in StringTable
along with java.lang.String
object, so that interning process will not compare cpool data (inaccessible by user) with value
arrays (accessible via Reflection).
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本文标题为:字符串文字、实习和反射
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