Python 井字游戏

Python tic tac toe game(Python 井字游戏)

问题描述

我不确定是否需要所有代码，所以我会发布它:

I am unsure if all of the code will be necessary or not so i will post it:

# Tic-Tac-Toe
# Plays the game of tic-tac-toe against a human opponent

# global constants
X = "X"
O = "O"
EMPTY = " "
TIE = "TIE"
NUM_SQUARES = 9


def display_instruct():
    """Display game instructions."""  
    print(
    """
    Welcome to the greatest intellectual challenge of all time: Tic-Tac-Toe.  
    This will be a showdown between your human brain and my silicon processor.  

    You will make your move known by entering a number, 0 - 8.  The number 
    will correspond to the board position as illustrated:

                    0 | 1 | 2
                    ---------
                    3 | 4 | 5
                    ---------
                    6 | 7 | 8

    Prepare yourself, human.  The ultimate battle is about to begin. 

    """
    )


def ask_yes_no(question):
    """Ask a yes or no question."""
    response = None
    while response not in ("y", "n"):
        response = input(question).lower()
    return response


def ask_number(question, low, high):
    """Ask for a number within a range."""
    response = None
    while response not in range(low, high):
        response = int(input(question))
    return response


def pieces():
    """Determine if player or computer goes first."""
    go_first = ask_yes_no("Do you require the first move? (y/n): ")
    if go_first == "y":
        print("
Then take the first move.  You will need it.")
        human = X
        computer = O
    else:
        print("
Your bravery will be your undoing... I will go first.")
        computer = X
        human = O
    return computer, human


def new_board():
    """Create new game board."""
    board = []
    for square in range(NUM_SQUARES):
        board.append(EMPTY)
    return board



def display_board(board):
    """Display game board on screen."""
    print("
	", board[0], "|", board[1], "|", board[2])
    print("	","---------")
    print("	",board[3], "|", board[4], "|", board[5])
    print("	","---------")
    print("	",board[6], "|", board[7], "|", board[8])

def legal_moves(board):
    """Create list of legal moves."""
    moves = []
    for square in range(NUM_SQUARES):
        if board[square] == EMPTY:
            moves.append(square)
    return moves


def winner(board):
    """Determine the game winner."""
    WAYS_TO_WIN = ((0, 1, 2),
                   (3, 4, 5),
                   (6, 7, 8),
                   (0, 3, 6),
                   (1, 4, 7),
                   (2, 5, 8),
                   (0, 4, 8),
                   (2, 4, 6))

    for row in WAYS_TO_WIN:
        if board[row[0]] == board[row[1]] == board[row[2]] != EMPTY:
            winner = board[row[0]]
            return winner

    if EMPTY not in board:
        return TIE

    return None


def human_move(board, human):
    """Get human move."""  
    legal = legal_moves(board)
    move = None
    while move not in legal:
        move = ask_number("Where will you move? (0 - 8):", 0, NUM_SQUARES)
        if move not in legal:
            print("
That square is already occupied, foolish human.  Choose another.
")
    print("Fine...")
    return move


def computer_move(board, computer, human):
    """Make computer move."""
    # make a copy to work with since function will be changing list
    board = board[:]
    # the best positions to have, in order
    BEST_MOVES = (4, 0, 2, 6, 8, 1, 3, 5, 7)

    print("I shall take square number,", end="")

    # if computer can win, take that move
    for move in legal_moves(board):
        board[move] = computer
        if winner(board) == computer:
            print(move)
            return move
        # done checking this move, undo it
        board[move] = EMPTY

    # if human can win, block that move
    for move in legal_moves(board):
        board[move] = human
        if winner(board) == human:
            print(move)
            return move
        # done checkin this move, undo it
        board[move] = EMPTY

    # since no one can win on next move, pick best open square
    for move in BEST_MOVES:
        if move in legal_moves(board):
            print(move)
            return move


def next_turn(turn):
    """Switch turns."""
    if turn == X:
        return O
    else:
        return X


def congrat_winner(the_winner, computer, human):
    """Congratulate the winner."""
    if the_winner != TIE:
        print(the_winner, "won!
")
    else:
        print("It's a tie!
")

    if the_winner == computer:
        print("As I predicted, human, I am triumphant once more.  
" 
              "Proof that computers are superior to humans in all regards.")

    elif the_winner == human:
        print("No, no!  It cannot be!  Somehow you tricked me, human. 
" 
              "But never again!  I, the computer, so swear it!")

    elif the_winner == TIE:
        print("You were most lucky, human, and somehow managed to tie me.  
" 
              "Celebrate today... for this is the best you will ever achieve.")


def main():
    display_instruct()
    computer, human = pieces()
    turn = X
    board = new_board()
    display_board(board)

    while not winner(board):
        if turn == human:
            move = human_move(board, human)
            board[move] = human
        else:
            move = computer_move(board, computer, human)
            board[move] = computer
        display_board(board)
        turn = next_turn(turn)

    the_winner = winner(board)
    congrat_winner(the_winner, computer, human)


# start the program
main()
input("

Press the enter key to quit.")

这是我正在阅读的书中的一个例子，我还没有完全理解，我认为直到:

This is an example in a book i am reading and i am not fully understanding, i think understand all of it up until:

for row in WAYS_TO_WIN:
            if board[row[0]] == board[row[1]] == board[row[2]] != EMPTY:
                winner = board[row[0]]
                return winner

谁能解释一下这个函数的作用，更具体地说是什么条件if board[row[0]] == board[row[1]] == board[row[2]] != EMPTY: 正在测试?

Can somebody please explain what this function does and more specifically what the condition if board[row[0]] == board[row[1]] == board[row[2]] != EMPTY: is testing?

推荐答案

它只是检查当前棋盘，看看是否有任何获胜的单元格组合(如行数组中所列)具有 (a) 相同的值和 (b)该值不是 EMPTY.

It's just checking the current board to see if any winning combination of cells (as listed in the row array) have (a) the same value and (b) that value is not EMPTY.

注意:在 Python 中，如果 a == b == c != d，则检查 a ==b AND b == c AND c != d

Note: in Python, if a == b == c != d, checks that a ==b AND b == c AND c != d

因此，如果单元格 0、1 和 2 都有 X，那么在第一次通过循环时，它将从获胜例程返回 X.

So if cells 0, 1, and 2, all have X, then on the first pass through the loop, it will return X from the winner routine.

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