这篇文章主要为大家详细介绍了如何利用C#+OpenCV实现形状匹配的效果，文中的示例代码讲解详细，感兴趣的小伙伴可以跟随小编一起学习一下
1. 多角度模板匹配测试效果如下图：
图1-1
图1-2
图1-3
正负角度均可正常识别，识别角度偏差<1°
2. 下面分享一下开发过程：
a). ROI区域的生成，基于GDI+完成图形绘制,如图
绘制模板设置区域，用来生成需要的模板特征。
ROI区域绘制代码如下：
/// <summary>
/// 区域绘制
/// </summary>
/// <param name="graphics"></param>
/// <param name="regionEx"></param>
/// <param name="sizeratio"></param>
public static void drawRegion(this Graphics graphics, RegionEx regionEx,float sizeratio=1)
{
if (regionEx?.Region is RectangleF)
{
RectangleF rect = (RectangleF)regionEx.Region;
graphics.DrawRectangle(new Pen(regionEx.Color, regionEx.Size), rect.X / sizeratio, rect.Y / sizeratio,
rect.Width / sizeratio, rect.Height / sizeratio);
}
else if(regionEx?.Region is RotatedRectF)
{
RotatedRectF rrect = (RotatedRectF)regionEx.Region;
using (var graph = new GraphicsPath())
{
PointF Center = new PointF(rrect.cx / sizeratio, rrect.cy / sizeratio);
graph.AddRectangle(new RectangleF( rrect.getrectofangleEqualZero().X / sizeratio,
rrect.getrectofangleEqualZero().Y / sizeratio,
rrect.getrectofangleEqualZero().Width / sizeratio,
rrect.getrectofangleEqualZero().Height / sizeratio));
graph.AddLine(new PointF((rrect.cx - rrect.Width / 2) / sizeratio, rrect.cy / sizeratio),
new PointF((rrect.cx + rrect.Width/2) / sizeratio, rrect.cy / sizeratio));
/
RotatedRectF rotatedRectF = new RotatedRectF((rrect.cx + rrect.Width / 2) / sizeratio,
rrect.cy / sizeratio,20 / sizeratio, 10 / sizeratio, 0);
PointF[] point2Fs = rotatedRectF.getPointF();
graph.AddLine(new PointF((rrect.cx + rrect.Width / 2) / sizeratio,
rrect.cy / sizeratio), new PointF(point2Fs[0].X, point2Fs[0].Y));
graph.AddLine(new PointF((rrect.cx + rrect.Width / 2) / sizeratio,
rrect.cy / sizeratio), new PointF(point2Fs[3].X, point2Fs[3].Y));
/
var a = rrect.angle * (Math.PI / 180);
var n1 = (float)Math.Cos(a);
var n2 = (float)Math.Sin(a);
var n3 = -(float)Math.Sin(a);
var n4 = (float)Math.Cos(a);
var n5 = (float)(Center.X * (1 - Math.Cos(a)) + Center.Y * Math.Sin(a));
var n6 = (float)(Center.Y * (1 - Math.Cos(a)) - Center.X * Math.Sin(a));
graph.Transform(new Matrix(n1, n2, n3, n4, n5, n6));
graphics.DrawPath(new Pen(regionEx.Color, regionEx.Size), graph);
}
}
else if (regionEx?.Region is RotatedCaliperRectF)
{
RotatedCaliperRectF rrect = (RotatedCaliperRectF)regionEx.Region;
using (var graph = new GraphicsPath())
{
PointF Center = new PointF(rrect.cx / sizeratio, rrect.cy / sizeratio);
graph.AddRectangle(new RectangleF(rrect.getrectofangleEqualZero().X / sizeratio,
rrect.getrectofangleEqualZero().Y / sizeratio,
rrect.getrectofangleEqualZero().Width / sizeratio,
rrect.getrectofangleEqualZero().Height / sizeratio));
graph.AddLine(new PointF((rrect.cx - rrect.Width / 2) / sizeratio, rrect.cy / sizeratio),
new PointF((rrect.cx + rrect.Width / 2) / sizeratio, rrect.cy / sizeratio));
/
RotatedCaliperRectF rotatedRectF = new RotatedCaliperRectF((rrect.cx + rrect.Width / 2) / sizeratio,
rrect.cy / sizeratio, 20 / sizeratio, 10 / sizeratio, 0);
PointF[] point2Fs = rotatedRectF.getPointF();
graph.AddLine(new PointF((rrect.cx + rrect.Width / 2) / sizeratio,
rrect.cy / sizeratio), new PointF(point2Fs[0].X, point2Fs[0].Y));
graph.AddLine(new PointF((rrect.cx + rrect.Width / 2) / sizeratio,
rrect.cy / sizeratio), new PointF(point2Fs[3].X, point2Fs[3].Y));
/
var a = rrect.angle * (Math.PI / 180);
var n1 = (float)Math.Cos(a);
var n2 = (float)Math.Sin(a);
var n3 = -(float)Math.Sin(a);
var n4 = (float)Math.Cos(a);
var n5 = (float)(Center.X * (1 - Math.Cos(a)) + Center.Y * Math.Sin(a));
var n6 = (float)(Center.Y * (1 - Math.Cos(a)) - Center.X * Math.Sin(a));
graph.Transform(new Matrix(n1, n2, n3, n4, n5, n6));
graphics.DrawPath(new Pen(regionEx.Color, regionEx.Size), graph);
}
}
else if (regionEx?.Region is CircleF)
{
CircleF circle = (CircleF)regionEx.Region;
graphics.DrawEllipse(new Pen(regionEx.Color, regionEx.Size), (circle.Centerx - circle.Radius) / sizeratio,
(circle.Centery - circle.Radius) / sizeratio, 2 * circle.Radius / sizeratio, 2 * circle.Radius / sizeratio);
}
else if (regionEx?.Region is PointF)
{
PointF point = (PointF)regionEx.Region;
graphics.DrawPolygon(new Pen(regionEx.Color, regionEx.Size), new PointF[] { new PointF (
point.X/sizeratio,point.Y/sizeratio
)});
}
else if (regionEx?.Region is PolygonF)
{
PolygonF polygon = (PolygonF)regionEx.Region;
List<PointF> temlist = new List<PointF>();
foreach (var s in polygon.Points)
temlist.Add(new PointF(s.X / sizeratio, s.Y / sizeratio));
graphics.DrawPolygon(new Pen(regionEx.Color, regionEx.Size), temlist.ToArray());
}
else if (regionEx?.Region is LineF)
{
LineF line = (LineF)regionEx.Region;
graphics.DrawLine(new Pen(regionEx.Color, regionEx.Size), line.x1/ sizeratio, line.y1/ sizeratio,
line.x2/ sizeratio, line.y2/ sizeratio);
}
else if (regionEx?.Region is CrossF)
{
CrossF cross = (CrossF)regionEx.Region;
graphics.DrawLine(new Pen(regionEx.Color, regionEx.Size), (cross.x1- cross.width/2) / sizeratio, cross.y1 / sizeratio,
(cross.x1 + cross.width / 2) / sizeratio, cross.y1 / sizeratio);
graphics.DrawLine(new Pen(regionEx.Color, regionEx.Size), cross.x1 / sizeratio, (cross.y1- cross.height/2) / sizeratio,
cross.x1 / sizeratio, (cross.y1 + cross.height / 2) / sizeratio);
graphics.DrawEllipse(new Pen(regionEx.Color, regionEx.Size), (cross.x1 - cross.radius) / sizeratio,
(cross.y1 - cross.radius) / sizeratio, 2 * cross.radius / sizeratio, 2 * cross.radius / sizeratio);
}
else if(regionEx?.Region is SectorF)
{
SectorF sectorF=(SectorF)regionEx.Region;
//graphics.DrawEllipse(MyPens.assist, sectorF.x / sizeratio, sectorF.y / sizeratio,
// sectorF.width / sizeratio, sectorF.height / sizeratio);
graphics.DrawPie(new Pen(regionEx.Color, regionEx.Size),
sectorF.x / sizeratio, sectorF.y / sizeratio,
sectorF.width / sizeratio, sectorF.height / sizeratio,
sectorF.startAngle, sectorF.sweepAngle);
}
else if (regionEx?.Region is Region)
{
Region unionRegion = (Region)regionEx?.Region;
//RectangleF rectangleF = unionRegion.GetBounds(graphics);
//Matrix matrix = new Matrix();
//matrix.Scale(1/sizeratio, 1/sizeratio);
//unionRegion.Transform(matrix);
//RectangleF rectangleF2= unionRegion.GetBounds(graphics);
graphics.FillRegion(Brushes.Orange, unionRegion);
}
else
;
}
b). 模板创建
模板如图：
选择稳定唯一的形状特征，设置合适的参数，用来生成模板，此基础版生成的特征为闭合的轮廓，后期版本会推出非闭合的多轮廓形状匹配算法。
模板创建代码如下：
//创建模板
private void btncreateModel_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
if (GrabImg == null || GrabImg.Width <= 0)
{
MessageBox.Show("未获取图像");
return;
}
List<RectangleF> roiList = currvisiontool.getRoiList<RectangleF>();
if (roiList.Count <= 0)
{
MessageBox.Show("请设置模板创建区域{矩形}");
return;
}
if (MessageBox.Show("确认创建新模板？", "Info", MessageBoxButtons.YesNo, MessageBoxIcon.Question)
== DialogResult.Yes)
{
CVRect cVRect = new CVRect((int)roiList[0].X, (int)roiList[0].Y, (int)roiList[0].Width, (int)roiList[0].Height);
Mat tp = MatExtension.Crop_Mask_Mat(GrabImg, cVRect);
templateContour = null;
coutourLen = 100;
NumMincoutourLen.Value=100;
contourArea = 100;
NumMinContourArea.Value=100;
double modelx = 0, modely = 0;
runTool = new ShapeMatchTool();
parmaData = new ShapeMatchData();
(parmaData as ShapeMatchData).Segthreshold = (double)NumSegthreshold.Value;
modeltp = (runTool as ShapeMatchTool).CreateTemplateContours(tp,
(parmaData as ShapeMatchData).Segthreshold, cVRect,
ref templateContour,
ref coutourLen, ref contourArea, ref modelx, ref modely, ref modelangle);
picTemplate.Image = BitmapConverter.ToBitmap(modeltp);
if (templateContour == null)
{
MessageBox.Show("模板创建失败！");
return;
}
modelx += cVRect.X;
modely += cVRect.Y;
lIstModelInfo.Items.Clear();
lIstModelInfo.Items.Add(new ListViewItem(
new string[] { "BaseX", modelx.ToString("f3") }));
lIstModelInfo.Items.Add(new ListViewItem(
new string[] { "BaseY", modely.ToString("f3") }));
lIstModelInfo.Items.Add(new ListViewItem(
new string[] { "BaseAngle", modelangle.ToString("f3") }));
lIstModelInfo.Items.Add(new ListViewItem(
new string[] { "ContourLength", coutourLen.ToString("f3") }));
lIstModelInfo.Items.Add(new ListViewItem(
new string[] { "ContourArea", contourArea.ToString("f3") }));
modelOrigion = string.Format("{0},{1},{2}",
modelx.ToString("f3"),
modely.ToString("f3"),
modelangle.ToString("f3"));
if(coutourLen * 0.8> (double)NumMincoutourLen.Maximum||
contourArea * 0.8> (double)NumMinContourArea.Maximum)
{
MessageBox.Show("模板创建完成失败，模板区域过大！");
return;
}
NumMincoutourLen.Value = (decimal)(coutourLen *0.8);
NumMaxcoutourLen.Value = (decimal)(coutourLen *1.2);
NumMinContourArea.Value = (decimal)(contourArea * 0.8);
NumMaxContourArea.Value = (decimal)(contourArea * 1.2);
NumMatchValue.Value = (decimal)0.5;
MessageBox.Show("模板创建完成！");
}
}c). 模板匹配
多角度轮廓匹配算法，同时通过钜来获取中心，和角度
//模板匹配
void TestModelMatch()
{
if (GrabImg == null || GrabImg.Width <= 0)
{
stuModelMatchData.runFlag = false;
MessageBox.Show("未获取图像");
return;
}
if (templateContour == null)
{
stuModelMatchData.runFlag = false;
MessageBox.Show("模板不存在，请先创建模板！");
return;
}
runTool = new ShapeMatchTool();
parmaData = new ShapeMatchData();
(parmaData as ShapeMatchData).tpContour = templateContour;
(parmaData as ShapeMatchData).Segthreshold = (double)NumSegthreshold.Value;
(parmaData as ShapeMatchData).MatchValue = (double)NumMatchValue.Value;
(parmaData as ShapeMatchData).MincoutourLen = (int)NumMincoutourLen.Value;
(parmaData as ShapeMatchData).MaxcoutourLen = (int)NumMaxcoutourLen.Value;
(parmaData as ShapeMatchData).MinContourArea = (int)NumMinContourArea.Value;
(parmaData as ShapeMatchData).MaxContourArea = (int)NumMaxContourArea.Value;
(parmaData as ShapeMatchData).baseAngle = modelangle;
ResultOfToolRun = runTool.Run<ShapeMatchData>(GrabImg, parmaData as ShapeMatchData);
currvisiontool.clearAll();
currvisiontool.dispImage(ResultOfToolRun.resultToShow);
ShapeMatchResult shapeMatchResult = ResultOfToolRun as ShapeMatchResult;
if (shapeMatchResult.scores.Count <= 0)
{
currvisiontool.DrawText(new TextEx("模板匹配失败！") {x=1000,y=10, brush = new SolidBrush(Color.Red) });
currvisiontool.AddTextBuffer(new TextEx("模板匹配失败！") { x = 1000, y = 10, brush = new SolidBrush(Color.Red) });
stuModelMatchData.runFlag = false;
return;
}
currvisiontool.DrawText(new TextEx("得分:" + shapeMatchResult.scores[0].ToString("f3")));
currvisiontool.AddTextBuffer(new TextEx("得分:" + shapeMatchResult.scores[0].ToString("f3")));
currvisiontool.DrawText(new TextEx("偏转角度:" + shapeMatchResult.rotations[0].ToString("f3")) { x = 10, y = 100 });
currvisiontool.AddTextBuffer(new TextEx("偏转角度:" + shapeMatchResult.rotations[0].ToString("f3")) { x = 10, y = 100 });
currvisiontool.DrawText(new TextEx(string.Format("匹配点位X:{0},Y:{1}", shapeMatchResult.positions[0].X.ToString("f3"),
shapeMatchResult.positions[0].Y.ToString("f3")))
{ x = 10, y = 200 });
currvisiontool.AddTextBuffer(new TextEx(string.Format("匹配点位X:{0},Y:{1}", shapeMatchResult.positions[0].X.ToString("f3"),
shapeMatchResult.positions[0].Y.ToString("f3")))
{ x = 10, y = 200 });
stuModelMatchData.matchPoint = shapeMatchResult.positions[0];
stuModelMatchData.matchOffsetAngle = shapeMatchResult.rotations[0];
stuModelMatchData.matchScore = shapeMatchResult.scores[0];
stuModelMatchData.runFlag = true;
}3. 关键部位代码如下，包含模板创建，模板多角度匹配等
a)创建形状轮廓模板核心代码如下：
/// <summary>
/// 创建形状轮廓模板
/// </summary>
/// <param name="img_template">模板图像</param>
/// <param name="Segthreshold">分割阈值</param>
/// <param name="templateContour">模板轮廓</param>
/// <param name="coutourLen">模板轮廓长度</param>
/// <param name="contourArea">模板轮廓面积</param>
/// <param name="modelx">模板轮廓X</param>
/// <param name="modely">模板轮廓Y</param>
/// <param name="modelangle">模板轮廓角度</param>
/// <returns>返回绘制图</returns>
public Mat CreateTemplateContours(Mat img_template,double Segthreshold, CVRect boundingRect,
ref CVPoint[] templateContour, ref double coutourLen, ref double contourArea,
ref double modelx,ref double modely,ref double modelangle)
{
//灰度化
//Mat gray_img_template = new Mat();
//Cv2.CvtColor(img_template, gray_img_template, ColorConversionCodes.BGR2GRAY);
//阈值分割
Mat thresh_img_template = new Mat();
Cv2.Threshold(img_template, thresh_img_template, Segthreshold, 255, ThresholdTypes.Binary);
//开运算处理，提出白色噪点
Mat ellipse = Cv2.GetStructuringElement(MorphShapes.Ellipse, new Size(3, 3));
Cv2.MorphologyEx(thresh_img_template, thresh_img_template, MorphTypes.Open, ellipse);
//Mat cannyMat = new Mat();
//Cv2.Canny(thresh_img_template, cannyMat, Segthreshold, 255);
//寻找边界
CVPoint[][] contours_template;
//Vector<Vector<CVPoint>> contours_template=new Vector<Vector<CVPoint>>();
//Vector<Vec4i> hierarchy=new Vector<Vec4i>();
// HierarchyIndex[] hierarchy;
Cv2.FindContours(thresh_img_template, out contours_template, out _, RetrievalModes.Tree,
ContourApproximationModes.ApproxNone);
CVPoint[][] ExceptContours = ContourOperate.ExceptBoundPoints(img_template.BoundingRect(), contours_template);
int count = ExceptContours.ToList<CVPoint[]>().Count;
List<CVPoint[]> ModelContours=new List<CVPoint[]>();
for (int i=0;i< count; i++)
{
if(Cv2.ContourArea(ExceptContours[i])>= contourArea&&
Cv2.ArcLength(ExceptContours[i],false)>= coutourLen)
//if (ExceptContours[i].Length > 30)//至少30点有效
ModelContours.Add(ExceptContours[i]);
}
ModelContours = ModelContours.OrderByDescending(s => s.Length).ToList();
//绘制边界
Mat dst = new Mat();
Cv2.CvtColor(img_template, dst, ColorConversionCodes.GRAY2BGR);
if(ModelContours.Count>0)
{
Cv2.DrawContours(dst, ModelContours, 0, new Scalar(0, 0, 255));
//获取重心点
Moments M;
M = Cv2.Moments(ModelContours[0]);
double cX = (M.M10 / M.M00);
double cY = (M.M01 / M.M00);
float a = (float)(M.M20 / M.M00 - cX * cX);
float b = (float)(M.M11 / M.M00 - cX * cY);
float c = (float)(M.M02 / M.M00 - cY * cY);
//计算角度(0~180)
// double tanAngle = Cv2.FastAtan2(2 * b, (a - c)) / 2;
//计算角度2(-90~90)
// double ang = (Math.Atan2(2 * b, (a - c)) * 180 / Math.PI) / 2;
//double ang2= Cv2.MinAreaRect(ModelContours[0]).Angle;
//if (tanAngle > 90)
// tanAngle -= 180;
//当前轮廓旋转矩
RotatedRect currrect = Cv2.MinAreaRect(ModelContours[0]);
//绘制旋转矩形
dst.DrawRotatedRect(currrect, Scalar.Lime);
//绘制目标边界
Cv2.DrawContours(dst, ModelContours, 0, new Scalar(0, 0, 255));
//显示目标中心
dst.drawCross(new CVPoint((int)cX, (int)cY),
new Scalar(0, 255, 0), 10, 2);
//
//CVPoint[] HullP = Cv2.ConvexHull(ModelContours[0], true);//顺时针方向
//List<CVPoint[]> HullPList = new List<CVPoint[]>();
//HullPList.Add(HullP);
Cv2.Polylines(dst, HullPList, true, Scalar.Red);
//Point2f cVPoint = CalBestDisP(new Point2d(cX, cY), HullP);
//double ang3 = ang;
//if(!(cVPoint.X==0&& cVPoint.Y == 0))
// {
// //计算角度2(-180~180)
// ang3 = calAngleOfLx(cX, cY, cVPoint.X, cVPoint.Y);
// Cv2.Line(dst, (int)cX, (int)cY, (int)cVPoint.X, (int)cVPoint.Y, Scalar.DarkOrange);
/
沃梦达教程
本文标题为：C# OpenCV实现形状匹配的方法详解
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