WPF自定义实现IP地址输入控件-C#/.NET开发

这篇文章主要给大家介绍了关于WPF自定义实现IP地址输入控件的相关资料，文中通过示例代码介绍的非常详细，对大家学习或者使用WPF具有一定的参考学习价值，需要的朋友们下面来一起学习学习吧

一、前言

WPF没有内置IP地址输入控件，因此我们需要通过自己定义实现。

我们先看一下IP地址输入控件有什么特性：

输满三个数字焦点会往右移
键盘←→可以空光标移动
任意位置可复制整段IP地址，且支持x.x.x.x格式的粘贴赋值
删除字符会自动向左移动焦点

知道以上特性，我们就可以开始动手了。

二、构成

Grid+TextBox*4+TextBlock*3

通过这几个控件的组合，我们完成IP地址输入控件的功能。

界面代码如下：


<UserControl
 x:Class="IpAddressControl.IpAddressControl"
 xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml/presentation"
 xmlns:x="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml"
 xmlns:d="http://schemas.microsoft.com/expression/blend/2008"
 xmlns:local="clr-namespace:IpAddressControl"
 xmlns:mc="http://schemas.openxmlformats.org/markup-compatibility/2006"
 Margin="10,0"
 d:DesignHeight="50"
 d:DesignWidth="800"
 mc:Ignorable="d" Background="White">
 <UserControl.Resources>
  <ControlTemplate x:Key="validationTemplate">
   <DockPanel>
    <TextBlock
     Margin="1,2"
     DockPanel.Dock="Right"
     FontSize="{DynamicResource ResourceKey=Heading4}"
     FontWeight="Bold"
     Foreground="Red"
     Text="" />
    <AdornedElementPlaceholder />
   </DockPanel>
  </ControlTemplate>
  <Style x:Key="CustomTextBoxTextStyle" TargetType="TextBox">
   <Setter Property="MaxLength" Value="3" />
   <Setter Property="HorizontalAlignment" Value="Stretch" />
   <Setter Property="VerticalAlignment" Value="Center" />
   <Style.Triggers>
    <Trigger Property="Validation.HasError" Value="True">
     <Trigger.Setters>
      <Setter Property="ToolTip" Value="{Binding RelativeSource={RelativeSource Self}, Path=(Validation.Errors)[0].ErrorContent}" />
      <Setter Property="BorderBrush" Value="Red" />
      <Setter Property="Background" Value="Red" />
     </Trigger.Setters>
    </Trigger>
   </Style.Triggers>
  </Style>
 </UserControl.Resources>
 <Grid>
  <Grid.ColumnDefinitions>
   <ColumnDefinition MinWidth="30" />
   <ColumnDefinition Width="10" />
   <ColumnDefinition MinWidth="30" />
   <ColumnDefinition Width="10" />
   <ColumnDefinition MinWidth="30" />
   <ColumnDefinition Width="10" />
   <ColumnDefinition MinWidth="30" />
  </Grid.ColumnDefinitions>

  <!-- Part 1 -->
  <TextBox
   Grid.Column="0"
   BorderThickness="0"
   HorizontalAlignment="Stretch"
   VerticalAlignment="Stretch"
   VerticalContentAlignment="Center"
   HorizontalContentAlignment="Center"
   x:Name="part1"
   PreviewKeyDown="Part1_PreviewKeyDown"
   local:FocusChangeExtension.IsFocused="{Binding IsPart1Focused, Mode=TwoWay, UpdateSourceTrigger=PropertyChanged, NotifyOnSourceUpdated=True}"
   Style="{StaticResource CustomTextBoxTextStyle}"
   Validation.ErrorTemplate="{StaticResource validationTemplate}">
   <TextBox.Text>
    <Binding Path="Part1" UpdateSourceTrigger="PropertyChanged">
     <Binding.ValidationRules>
      <local:IPRangeValidationRule Max="255" Min="0" />
     </Binding.ValidationRules>
    </Binding>
   </TextBox.Text>
  </TextBox>
  <TextBlock
   Grid.Column="1"
   HorizontalAlignment="Center"
   FontSize="15"
   Text="."
   VerticalAlignment="Center"
  />

  <!-- Part 2 -->
  <TextBox
   Grid.Column="2"
   x:Name="part2"
   BorderThickness="0"
   VerticalAlignment="Stretch"
   VerticalContentAlignment="Center"
   HorizontalContentAlignment="Center"
   PreviewKeyDown="Part2_KeyDown"
   local:FocusChangeExtension.IsFocused="{Binding IsPart2Focused}"
   Style="{StaticResource CustomTextBoxTextStyle}"
   Validation.ErrorTemplate="{StaticResource validationTemplate}">
   <TextBox.Text>
    <Binding Path="Part2" UpdateSourceTrigger="PropertyChanged">
     <Binding.ValidationRules>
      <local:IPRangeValidationRule Max="255" Min="0" />
     </Binding.ValidationRules>
    </Binding>
   </TextBox.Text>
  </TextBox>
  <TextBlock
   Grid.Column="3"
   HorizontalAlignment="Center"
   FontSize="15"
   Text="."
   VerticalAlignment="Center"/>

  <!-- Part 3 -->
  <TextBox
   Grid.Column="4"
   x:Name="part3"
   BorderThickness="0"
   VerticalAlignment="Stretch"
   VerticalContentAlignment="Center"
   HorizontalContentAlignment="Center"
   PreviewKeyDown="Part3_KeyDown"
   local:FocusChangeExtension.IsFocused="{Binding IsPart3Focused}"
   Style="{StaticResource CustomTextBoxTextStyle}"
   Validation.ErrorTemplate="{StaticResource validationTemplate}">
   <TextBox.Text>
    <Binding Path="Part3" UpdateSourceTrigger="PropertyChanged">
     <Binding.ValidationRules>
      <local:IPRangeValidationRule Max="255" Min="0" />
     </Binding.ValidationRules>
    </Binding>
   </TextBox.Text>
  </TextBox>
  <TextBlock
   Grid.Column="5"
   HorizontalAlignment="Center"
   FontSize="15"
   Text="."
   VerticalAlignment="Center"/>

  <!-- Part 4 -->
  <TextBox
   Grid.Column="6"
   x:Name="part4"
   BorderThickness="0"
   VerticalAlignment="Stretch"
   VerticalContentAlignment="Center"
   HorizontalContentAlignment="Center"
   PreviewKeyDown="Part4_KeyDown"
   local:FocusChangeExtension.IsFocused="{Binding IsPart4Focused}"
   Style="{StaticResource CustomTextBoxTextStyle}"
   Validation.ErrorTemplate="{StaticResource validationTemplate}">
   <TextBox.Text>
    <Binding Path="Part4" UpdateSourceTrigger="PropertyChanged">
     <Binding.ValidationRules>
      <local:IPRangeValidationRule Max="255" Min="0" />
     </Binding.ValidationRules>
    </Binding>
   </TextBox.Text>
  </TextBox>
 </Grid>
</UserControl>

三、验证输入格式

界面中为TextBox添加了CustomTextBoxTextStyle及validationTemplate样式，当输入格式不正确时，控件就会应用该样式。

通过自定义规则IPRangeValidationRule来验证输入的内容格式是否要求。

自定义规则代码如下：


public class IPRangeValidationRule : ValidationRule
{
 private int _min;
 private int _max;

 public int Min
 {
  get { return _min; }
  set { _min = value; }
 }

 public int Max
 {
  get { return _max; }
  set { _max = value; }
 }

 public override ValidationResult Validate(object value, CultureInfo cultureInfo)
 {
  int val = 0;
  var strVal = (string)value;
  try
  {
   if (strVal.Length > 0)
   {
    if (strVal.EndsWith("."))
    {
     return CheckRanges(strVal.Replace(".", ""));
    }

    // Allow dot character to move to next box
    return CheckRanges(strVal);
   }
  }
  catch (Exception e)
  {
   return new ValidationResult(false, "Illegal characters or " + e.Message);
  }

  if ((val < Min) || (val > Max))
  {
   return new ValidationResult(false,
    "Please enter the value in the range: " + Min + " - " + Max + ".");
  }
  else
  {
   return ValidationResult.ValidResult;
  }
 }

 private ValidationResult CheckRanges(string strVal)
 {
  if (int.TryParse(strVal, out var res))
  {
   if ((res < Min) || (res > Max))
   {
    return new ValidationResult(false,
     "Please enter the value in the range: " + Min + " - " + Max + ".");
   }
   else
   {
    return ValidationResult.ValidResult;
   }
  }
  else
  {
   return new ValidationResult(false, "Illegal characters entered");
  }
 }
}

四、控制焦点变化

在界面代码中我通过local:FocusChangeExtension.IsFocused附加属性实现绑定属性控制焦点的变化。

附加属性的代码如下：


public static class FocusChangeExtension
{
 public static bool GetIsFocused(DependencyObject obj)
 {
  return (bool)obj.GetValue(IsFocusedProperty);
 }

 public static void SetIsFocused(DependencyObject obj, bool value)
 {
  obj.SetValue(IsFocusedProperty, value);
 }

 public static readonly DependencyProperty IsFocusedProperty =
  DependencyProperty.RegisterAttached(
   "IsFocused", typeof(bool), typeof(FocusChangeExtension),
   new UIPropertyMetadata(false, OnIsFocusedPropertyChanged));

 private static void OnIsFocusedPropertyChanged(
  DependencyObject d,
  DependencyPropertyChangedEventArgs e)
 {
  var control = (UIElement)d;
  if ((bool)e.NewValue)
  {
   control.Focus();
  }
 }
}

五、VM+后台代码混合实现焦点控制及内容复制粘贴

1、后台代码主要实现复制粘贴内容，另外←→移动光标也需要后台代码控制。通过PreviewKeyDown事件捕获键盘左移右移，复制，删除等事件，做出相应处理：


private void Part2_KeyDown(object sender, System.Windows.Input.KeyEventArgs e)
{
 if (e.Key == Key.Back && part2.Text == "")
 {
  part1.Focus();
 }
 if (e.Key == Key.Right && part2.CaretIndex == part2.Text.Length)
 {
  part3.Focus();
  e.Handled = true;
 }
 if (e.Key == Key.Left && part2.CaretIndex == 0)
 {
  part1.Focus();
  e.Handled = true;
 }

 if (e.KeyboardDevice.Modifiers.HasFlag(ModifierKeys.Control) && e.Key == Key.C)
 {
  if (part2.SelectionLength == 0)
  {
   var vm = this.DataContext as IpAddressViewModel;
   Clipboard.SetText(vm.AddressText);
  }
 }
}

通过DataObject.AddPastingHandler(part1, TextBox_Pasting)添加粘贴事件。使控件赋值。

2、通过ViewModel方式实现属性绑定通知，来控制焦点变化及内容赋值。

ViewModel类要实现绑定通知需要实现INotifyPropertyChanged接口中的方法。

我们新建一个IpAddressViewModel类继承INotifyPropertyChanged，代码如下：


public class IpAddressViewModel : INotifyPropertyChanged
{
 public event EventHandler AddressChanged;

 public string AddressText
 {
  get { return $"{Part1??"0"}.{Part2??"0"}.{Part3??"0"}.{Part4??"0"}"; }
 }

 private bool isPart1Focused;

 public bool IsPart1Focused
 {
  get { return isPart1Focused; }
  set { isPart1Focused = value; OnPropertyChanged(); }
 }

 private string part1;

 public string Part1
 {
  get { return part1; }
  set
  {
   part1 = value;
   SetFocus(true, false, false, false);

   var moveNext = CanMoveNext(ref part1);

   OnPropertyChanged();
   OnPropertyChanged(nameof(AddressText));
   AddressChanged?.Invoke(this, EventArgs.Empty);

   if (moveNext)
   {
    SetFocus(false, true, false, false);
   }
  }
 }
 
 private bool isPart2Focused;

 public bool IsPart2Focused
 {
  get { return isPart2Focused; }
  set { isPart2Focused = value; OnPropertyChanged(); }
 }


 private string part2;

 public string Part2
 {
  get { return part2; }
  set
  {
   part2 = value;
   SetFocus(false, true, false, false);

   var moveNext = CanMoveNext(ref part2);

   OnPropertyChanged();
   OnPropertyChanged(nameof(AddressText));
   AddressChanged?.Invoke(this, EventArgs.Empty);

   if (moveNext)
   {
    SetFocus(false, false, true, false);
   }
  }
 }

 private bool isPart3Focused;

 public bool IsPart3Focused
 {
  get { return isPart3Focused; }
  set { isPart3Focused = value; OnPropertyChanged(); }
 }

 private string part3;

 public string Part3
 {
  get { return part3; }
  set
  {
   part3 = value;
   SetFocus(false, false, true, false);
   var moveNext = CanMoveNext(ref part3);

   OnPropertyChanged();
   OnPropertyChanged(nameof(AddressText));
   AddressChanged?.Invoke(this, EventArgs.Empty);

   if (moveNext)
   {
    SetFocus(false, false, false, true);
   }
  }
 }

 private bool isPart4Focused;

 public bool IsPart4Focused
 {
  get { return isPart4Focused; }
  set { isPart4Focused = value; OnPropertyChanged(); }
 }

 private string part4;

 public string Part4
 {
  get { return part4; }
  set
  {
   part4 = value;
   SetFocus(false, false, false, true);
   var moveNext = CanMoveNext(ref part4);

   OnPropertyChanged();
   OnPropertyChanged(nameof(AddressText));
   AddressChanged?.Invoke(this, EventArgs.Empty);

  }
 }
 
 public void SetAddress(string address)
 {
  if (string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(address))
   return;

  var parts = address.Split('.');   

  if (int.TryParse(parts[0], out var num0))
  {
   Part1 = num0.ToString();
  }

  if (int.TryParse(parts[1], out var num1))
  {
   Part2 = parts[1];
  }

  if (int.TryParse(parts[2], out var num2))
  {
   Part3 = parts[2];
  }

  if (int.TryParse(parts[3], out var num3))
  {
   Part4 = parts[3];
  }

 }

 private bool CanMoveNext(ref string part)
 {
  bool moveNext = false;

  if (!string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(part))
  {
   if (part.Length >= 3)
   {
    moveNext = true;
   }

   if (part.EndsWith("."))
   {
    moveNext = true;
    part = part.Replace(".", "");
   }
  }

  return moveNext;
 }

 private void SetFocus(bool part1, bool part2, bool part3, bool part4)
 {
  IsPart1Focused = part1;
  IsPart2Focused = part2;
  IsPart3Focused = part3;
  IsPart4Focused = part4;
 }

 public event PropertyChangedEventHandler PropertyChanged;


 protected virtual void OnPropertyChanged([CallerMemberName] string propertyName = null)
 {
  PropertyChanged?.Invoke(this, new PropertyChangedEventArgs(propertyName));
 }
}

到这里基本就完成了，生成控件然后到MainWindow中引用该控件

六、最终效果