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C#使用RabbitMq队列(Sample,Work,Fanout,Direct等模式的简单使用)

C#/.NET开发
2023-03-14

这篇文章主要介绍了C#使用RabbitMq队列(Sample,Work,Fanout,Direct等模式的简单使用),本文给大家介绍的非常详细，对大家的学习或工作具有一定的参考借鉴价值，需要的朋友可以参考下

1：RabbitMQ是个啥？（专业术语参考自网络）

　RabbitMQ是实现了高级消息队列协议（AMQP）的开源消息代理软件（亦称面向消息的中间件）。

　　RabbitMQ服务器是用Erlang语言编写的，Erlang是专门为高并发而生的语言，而集群和故障转移是构建在开发电信平台框架上的。所有主要的编程语言均有与代理接口通讯的客户端库

2：使用RabbitMQ有啥好处？

RabbitMQ是使用Erlang语言开发的开源消息队列系统，基于AMQP协议来实现。
AMQP的主要特征是面向消息、队列、路由（包括点对点和发布/订阅）、可靠性、安全。
AMQP协议更多用在企业系统内，对数据一致性、稳定性和可靠性要求很高的场景，对性能和吞吐量的要求还在其次。
RabbitMQ的可靠性是非常好的，数据能够保证百分之百的不丢失。可以使用镜像队列，它的稳定性非常好。所以说在我们互联网的金融行业。

对数据的稳定性和可靠性要求都非常高的情况下，我们都会选择RabbitMQ。当然没有kafka性能好，但是要比AvtiveMQ性能要好很多。也可以自己做一些性能的优化。

RabbitMQ可以构建异地双活架构，包括每一个节点存储方式可以采用磁盘或者内存的方式，

3:RabbitMq的安装以及环境搭建等：

网络上有很多关于怎么搭建配置RabbitMq服务环境的详细文章，也比较简单，这里不再说明，本人是Docker上面的pull RabbitMq 镜像来安装的！

3.1：运行容器的命令如下：

docker run -d --hostname Log --restart=always --name rabbitmq -p 5672:5672 -p 15672:15672 -e RABBITMQ_DEFAULT_USER=log_user -e RABBITMQ_DEFAULT_PASS=331QQFEG123 rabbitmq:3-management

4：RabbitMq的使用场景主要有哪些，啥时候用或者不用？

4.1什么时候使用MQ？

1）数据驱动的任务依赖

2）上游不关心多下游执行结果

3）异步返回执行时间长

4.2什么时候不使用MQ？

需要实时关注执行结果 （eg：同步调用）

5：具体C#怎么使用RabbitMq?下面直接上code和测试截图了（Demo环境是.NetCore3.1控制台+Docker上的RabbitMQ容器来进行的）

6：sample模式，就是简单地队列模式，一进一出的效果差不多，测试截图：

Code:


//简单生产端 ui调用者

using System;
namespace RabbitMqPublishDemo
{
  using MyRabbitMqService;
  using System.Runtime.CompilerServices;

  class Program
  {
    static void Main(string[] args)
    {
        //就是简单的队列，生产者
        Console.WriteLine("====RabbitMqPublishDemo====");
        for (int i = 0; i < 500; i++)
        {
          ZrfRabbitMqHelper.PublishSampleMsg("smapleMsg", $"nihaifengge:{i}");
        }
        Console.WriteLine("生成完毕！");
        Console.ReadLine();
    }
  }
}

/// <summary>
/// 简单生产者 逻辑
/// </summary>
/// <param name="queueName"></param>
/// <param name="msg"></param>
public static void PublishSampleMsg(string queueName, string msg)
{

  using (IConnection conn = connectionFactory.CreateConnection())
  {
    using (IModel channel = conn.CreateModel())
    {
      channel.QueueDeclare(queue: queueName, durable: false, exclusive: false, autoDelete: false, arguments: null);
      var msgBody = Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(msg);
      channel.BasicPublish(exchange: "", routingKey: queueName, basicProperties: null, body: msgBody);
    }
  }
}


//简单消费端
using System;

namespace RabbitMqConsumerDemo
{
  using MyRabbitMqService;
  using System.Runtime.InteropServices;

  class Program
  {
    static void Main(string[] args)
    {
      Console.WriteLine("====RabbitMqConsumerDemo====");
      ZrfRabbitMqHelper.ConsumeSampleMsg("smapleMsg", isBasicNack: true, handleMsgStr: handleMsgStr =>
      {
        Console.WriteLine($"订阅到消息:{DateTime.Now}:{handleMsgStr}");
      });
      Console.ReadLine();
    }
  }
}

   #region 简单生产者后端逻辑
    /// <summary>
    /// 简单消费者
    /// </summary>
    /// <param name="queueName">队列名称</param>
    /// <param name="isBasicNack">失败后是否自动放到队列</param>
    /// <param name="handleMsgStr">有就自己对字符串的处理,如果要存储到数据库请自行扩展</param>
    public static void ConsumeSampleMsg(string queueName, bool isBasicNack = false, Action<string> handleMsgStr = null)// bool ifBasicReject = false,
    {
      Console.WriteLine("ConsumeSampleMsg Waiting for messages....");
      IConnection conn = connectionFactory.CreateConnection();
      IModel channel = conn.CreateModel();
      channel.QueueDeclare(queue: queueName, durable: false, exclusive: false, autoDelete: false, arguments: null);
      var consumer = new EventingBasicConsumer(channel);
      consumer.Received += (sender, ea) =>
      {
        byte[] bymsg = ea.Body.ToArray();
        string msg = Encoding.UTF8.GetString(bymsg);
        if (handleMsgStr != null)
        {
          handleMsgStr.Invoke(msg);
        }
        else
        {
          Console.WriteLine($"{DateTime.Now}->收到消息:{msg}");
        }
      };
      channel.BasicConsume(queueName, autoAck: true, consumer);
    }
    #endregion

7：Work模式


//简单生产端 ui调用者

using System;
namespace RabbitMqPublishDemo
{
  using MyRabbitMqService;
  using System.Runtime.CompilerServices;

  class Program
  {
    static void Main(string[] args)
    {
        //就是简单的队列，生产者
        Console.WriteLine("====RabbitMqPublishDemo====");
        for (int i = 0; i < 500; i++)
        {
          ZrfRabbitMqHelper.PublishSampleMsg("smapleMsg", $"nihaifengge:{i}");
        }
        Console.WriteLine("生成完毕！");
        Console.ReadLine();
    }
  }
}

/// <summary>
/// 简单生产者 逻辑
/// </summary>
/// <param name="queueName"></param>
/// <param name="msg"></param>
public static void PublishSampleMsg(string queueName, string msg)
{

  using (IConnection conn = connectionFactory.CreateConnection())
  {
    using (IModel channel = conn.CreateModel())
    {
      channel.QueueDeclare(queue: queueName, durable: false, exclusive: false, autoDelete: false, arguments: null);
      var msgBody = Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(msg);
      channel.BasicPublish(exchange: "", routingKey: queueName, basicProperties: null, body: msgBody);
    }
  }
}


//简单消费端
using System;

namespace RabbitMqConsumerDemo
{
  using MyRabbitMqService;
  using System.Runtime.InteropServices;

  class Program
  {
    static void Main(string[] args)
    {
      Console.WriteLine("====RabbitMqConsumerDemo====");
      ZrfRabbitMqHelper.ConsumeSampleMsg("smapleMsg", isBasicNack: true, handleMsgStr: handleMsgStr =>
      {
        Console.WriteLine($"订阅到消息:{DateTime.Now}:{handleMsgStr}");
      });
      Console.ReadLine();
    }
  }
}

   #region 简单生产者后端逻辑
    /// <summary>
    /// 简单消费者
    /// </summary>
    /// <param name="queueName">队列名称</param>
    /// <param name="isBasicNack">失败后是否自动放到队列</param>
    /// <param name="handleMsgStr">有就自己对字符串的处理,如果要存储到数据库请自行扩展</param>
    public static void ConsumeSampleMsg(string queueName, bool isBasicNack = false, Action<string> handleMsgStr = null)// bool ifBasicReject = false,
    {
      Console.WriteLine("ConsumeSampleMsg Waiting for messages....");
      IConnection conn = connectionFactory.CreateConnection();
      IModel channel = conn.CreateModel();
      channel.QueueDeclare(queue: queueName, durable: false, exclusive: false, autoDelete: false, arguments: null);
      var consumer = new EventingBasicConsumer(channel);
      consumer.Received += (sender, ea) =>
      {
        byte[] bymsg = ea.Body.ToArray();
        string msg = Encoding.UTF8.GetString(bymsg);
        if (handleMsgStr != null)
        {
          handleMsgStr.Invoke(msg);
        }
        else
        {
          Console.WriteLine($"{DateTime.Now}->收到消息:{msg}");
        }
      };
      channel.BasicConsume(queueName, autoAck: true, consumer);
    }
    #endregion

8：Fanout

Code:


//就如下的code, 多次生产，3个消费者都可以自动开始消费

//生产者
using System;
namespace RabbitMqPublishDemo
{
  using MyRabbitMqService;
  using System.Runtime.CompilerServices;
  class Program
  {
    static void Main(string[] args)
    {
      for (int i = 0; i < 500; i++)
      {
        ZrfRabbitMqHelper.PublishWorkQueueModel("workqueue", $" :发布消息成功{i}");
      }
      Console.WriteLine("工作队列模式 生成完毕......！");
      Console.ReadLine();
    }
  }
}

//生产者后端逻辑
public static void PublishWorkQueueModel(string queueName, string msg)
    {
      using (var connection = connectionFactory.CreateConnection())
      using (var channel = connection.CreateModel())
      {
        channel.QueueDeclare(queue: queueName, durable: true, exclusive: false, autoDelete: false, arguments: null);
        var body = Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(msg);
        var properties = channel.CreateBasicProperties();
        properties.Persistent = true;

        channel.BasicPublish(exchange: "", routingKey: queueName, basicProperties: properties, body: body);
        Console.WriteLine($"{DateTime.Now},SentMsg: {msg}");
      }
    }

//work消费端
using System;

namespace RabbitMqConsumerDemo
{
  using MyRabbitMqService;
  using System.Runtime.InteropServices;
  class Program
  {
    static void Main(string[] args)
    {
      Console.WriteLine("====Work模式开启了====");
      ZrfRabbitMqHelper.ConsumeWorkQueueModel("workqueue", handserMsg: msg =>
      {
        Console.WriteLine($"work模式获取到消息{msg}");
      });
      Console.ReadLine();
    }
  }
}

//work后端逻辑
    public static void ConsumeWorkQueueModel(string queueName, int sleepHmao = 90, Action<string> handserMsg = null)
    {
      var connection = connectionFactory.CreateConnection();
      var channel = connection.CreateModel();

      channel.QueueDeclare(queue: queueName, durable: true, exclusive: false, autoDelete: false, arguments: null);
      channel.BasicQos(prefetchSize: 0, prefetchCount: 1, global: false);

      var consumer = new EventingBasicConsumer(channel);
      Console.WriteLine(" ConsumeWorkQueueModel Waiting for messages....");

      consumer.Received += (sender, ea) =>
      {
        var body = ea.Body.ToArray();
        var message = Encoding.UTF8.GetString(body);
        if (handserMsg != null)
        {
          if (!string.IsNullOrEmpty(message))
          {
            handserMsg.Invoke(message);
          }
        }
        channel.BasicAck(deliveryTag: ea.DeliveryTag, multiple: false);
      };
      channel.BasicConsume(queue: queueName, autoAck: false, consumer: consumer);
    }

9：Direct

Code:


//同一个消息会被多个订阅者消费

//发布者
using System;

namespace RabbitMqPublishDemo
{
  using MyRabbitMqService;
  using System.Runtime.CompilerServices;

  class Program
  {
    static void Main(string[] args)
    {

      #region 发布订阅模式，带上了exchange
      for (int i = 0; i < 500; i++)
      {
        ZrfRabbitMqHelper.PublishExchangeModel("exchangemodel", $"发布的消息是：{i}");
      }
      Console.WriteLine("发布ok！");
      #endregion
      Console.ReadLine();
    }
  }
}
//发布者的后端逻辑 我在这里选择了扇形: ExchangeType.Fanout
  public static void PublishExchangeModel(string exchangeName, string message)
    {
      using (var connection = connectionFactory.CreateConnection())
      using (var channel = connection.CreateModel())
      {
        channel.ExchangeDeclare(exchange: exchangeName, type: ExchangeType.Fanout);
        var body = Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(message);
        channel.BasicPublish(exchange: exchangeName, routingKey: "", basicProperties: null, body: body);
        Console.WriteLine($" Sent {message}");
      }
    }


//订阅者
using System;
namespace RabbitMqConsumerDemo
{
  using MyRabbitMqService;
  using System.Runtime.InteropServices;
  class Program
  {
    static void Main(string[] args)
    {

      #region 发布订阅模式 Exchange
      ZrfRabbitMqHelper.SubscriberExchangeModel("exchangemodel", msg =>
      {
        Console.WriteLine($"订阅到消息：{msg}");
      });
      #endregion
      Console.ReadLine();
    }
  }
}

//订阅者后端的逻辑
 public static void SubscriberExchangeModel(string exchangeName, Action<string> handlerMsg = null)
    {
      var connection = connectionFactory.CreateConnection();
      var channel = connection.CreateModel();

      channel.ExchangeDeclare(exchange: exchangeName, type: ExchangeType.Fanout);//Fanout 扇形分叉

      var queueName = channel.QueueDeclare().QueueName;
      channel.QueueBind(queue: queueName,
               exchange: exchangeName,
               routingKey: "");

      Console.WriteLine(" Waiting for msg....");

      var consumer = new EventingBasicConsumer(channel);
      consumer.Received += (model, ea) =>
      {
        var body = ea.Body.ToArray();
        var message = Encoding.UTF8.GetString(body);
        if (handlerMsg != null)
        {
          if (!string.IsNullOrEmpty(message))
          {
            handlerMsg.Invoke(message);
          }
        }
        else
        {
          Console.WriteLine($"订阅到消息:{message}");
        }
      };
      channel.BasicConsume(queue: queueName, autoAck: true, consumer: consumer);
    }

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