详解WPF的InkCanvas选择模式

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InkCanvas是WPF中进行墨迹绘制的控件,本文介绍下InkCanvas控件是如何进行选择操作的。文中有误的地方希望大家进行批评指正。

InkCanvas的选择效果

使用WPF可以轻松实现白板功能,只需要添加一个InkCanvas控件。修改InkCanvas的EditingMode属性可以控制InkCanvas的操作模式,如书写、选择、擦除等模式。
如下demo在窗口中添加一个InkCanvas,然后添加一个Button实现书写与选择模式的切换。


// xaml
<Grid>
  <InkCanvas x:Name="inkCanvas"/>
  <Button x:Name="btnChangeMode" Content="select" Click="Button_Click"
      Width="50" Height="30" HorizontalAlignment="Left" VerticalAlignment="Bottom" Margin="10"/>
</Grid>

// cs
private void Button_Click(object sender, RoutedEventArgs e)
{
	if(btnChangeMode.Content == "select")
	{
    inkCanvas.EditingMode = InkCanvasEditingMode.Select;
    btnChangeMode.Content = "write";
	}
	else
	{
    inkCanvas.EditingMode = InkCanvasEditingMode.Ink;
    btnChangeMode.Content = "select";
	}
}

运行demo,书写后点击按钮进行选择,可以看到InkCanvas的选择操作如下图所示:

从图中可以看出,InkCanvas的选择效果有如下特点:

  1. 选中后笔迹高亮;
  2. 选中后显示选择框;
  3. 拖动选择框,选择框随着鼠标移动,但选择的笔迹并未移动。

接下来看下WPF是如何实现这种选择操作的。

InkCanvas选择模式的实现

首先,InkCanvas的编辑功能(书写、擦除、选择等)是通过EditingCoordinator管理的,该类包含一系列的EditingBehavior,实现选择过程的为LassoSelectionBehavior类,实现选择后对选择框操作的为SelectionEditor与SelectionEditingBehavior。本文主要介绍选择后对选择框的操作过程,选择过程以及笔迹的高亮显示打算单独写一篇文章进行介绍。

在InkCanvas中,与选择功能相关的对象有InkCanvasSelection、InkCanvasSelectionAdorner及InkCanvasFeedbackAdorner。后两者为装饰器,装饰器的介绍可参考官方文档。

先看InkCanvasSelectionAdorner类,直接看其OnRender方法,代码如下。首先绘制了选择框的背景,然后绘制了选择框(矩形虚线效果),最后绘制了选择框上的9个小矩形按钮。按钮可以进行拖动调节,具体实现逻辑可以看代码,本文不赘述。


protected override void OnRender(DrawingContext drawingContext)
{
  DrawBackground(drawingContext);

  Rect rectWireFrame = GetWireFrameRect()
  if(!rectWireFrame.IsEmpty)
  {
    drawingContext.DrawRectangle(null, _adornerBorderPen, rectWireFrame);

    DrawHandles(drawingContext, rectWireFrame);
  }
}

再看InkCanvasFeedbackAdorner类,同样看OnRender方法,代码如下。其仅绘制了矩形虚线选择框,通过这两个类的OnRender方法,结合上文中的动画,可以知道选中后使用InkCanvasSelectionAdorner进行装饰,对选择框的操作(拖动)使用InkCanvasFeedbackAdorner进行装饰。


protected override void OnRender(DrawingContext drawingContext)
{
  drawingContext.DrawRectangle(null, _adornerBorderPen,
    new Rect(CornerResizeHandleSize / 2, CornerResizeHandleSize / 2,
    _frameSize.Width - CornerResizeHandleSize, _frameSize.Height - CornerResizeHandleSize));
}

接下来看下这两个Adorner是对谁进行装饰的,首先看InkCanvas的OnPreApplyTemplate方法,代码如下。注释部分是InkCanvas的Visual Tree,可以了解到InkCanvas的内部结构。再看下SelectionAdorner的初始化,可以看出是对InnerCanvas进行装饰,InnerCanvas是InkCanvas的内部容器,放置笔迹及其它UIElement。SelectionAdorner添加了对ActiveEditingMode的绑定,当Mode为None时,隐藏,否则显示。FeedbackAdorner的装饰对象通过其构造函数可以看出,也是装饰的InnerCanvas。


internal override void OnPreApplyTemplate()
{
  base.OnPreApplyTemplate();

  // Build our visual tree here.
  // <InkCanvas>
  //   <AdornerDecorator>
  //     <InkPresenter>
  //       <InnerCanvas/>
  //       <ContainerVisual/>
  //       <HostVisual/>
  //     </InkPresenter>
  //     <AdornerLayer>
  //       <InkCanvasSelectionAdorner/>
  //       <InkCanvasFeedbackAdorner/>
  //     </AdornerLayer>
  //   </AdornerDecorator>
  // </InkCanvas>

  if(_localAdornerDecorator == null)
  {
    _localAdornerDecorator = new AdornerDecorator();
    InkPresenter inkPresenter = InkPresenter;

    AddVisualChild(_localAdornerDecorator);
    _localAdornerDecorator.Child = inkPresenter;
    inkPresenter.Child = InnerCanvas;

    _localAdornerDecorator.AdornerLayer.Add(SelectionAdorner);
  }
}

internal InkCanvasSelectionAdorner SelectionAdorner
{
  get
  {
    if(_selectionAdorner == null)
    {
      _selectionAdorner = new InkCanvasSelectionAdorner(InnerCanvas);

      Binding activedEditingModeBinding = new Binding();
      activedEditingModeBinding.Path = new PropertyPath(InkCanvas.ActiveEditingModeProperty);
      activedEditingModeBinding.Mode = BindingMode.OneWay;
      activedEditingModeBinding.Source = this;
      activedEditingModeBinding.Converter = new ActiveEditingMode2VisibilityConverter();
      _selectionAdorner.SetBinding(UIElement.VisibilityProperty, activedEditingModeBinding);
    }

    return _selectionAdorner;
  }
}

// InkCanvasFeedbackAdorner
internal InkCanvasFeedbackAdorner(InkCanvas inkCanvas)
  : base((inkCanvas != null ? inkCanvas.InnerCanvas : null))
  {...}

最后,我们看下对选择框进行的操作是如何实现的。选择后会激活SelectionEditingBehavior,在其OnActivate方法中,绑定了SelectionAdorner的MouseMove/MouseUp/LostMouseCapture事件,并调用InkCanvasSelection.StartFeedbackAdorner()方法对FeedbackAdorner进行初始化,将其添加到AdornerLayer中。然后通过响应MouseMove,调用InkSelection.UpdateFeedbackAdorner()方法更新FeedbackAdorner的位置。最后在MouseUp响应中释放FeedbackAdorner。删减代码如下,具体的实现逻辑可以看WPF源码。


protected override void OnActive()
{
  // ...
  InkCanvas.InkCanvasSelection.StartFeedbackAdorner(_selectionRect, _hitResult);

  InkCanvas.SelectionAdorner.AddHandler(Mouse.MouseUpEvent, new MouseButtonEventHandler(OnMouseUp));
  InkCanvas.SelectionAdorner.AddHandler(Mouse.MouseMoveEvent, new MouseEventHandler(OnMouseMove));
  InkCanvas.SelectionAdorner.AddHandler(Mouse.LostMouseCaptureEvent, new MouseEventHandler(OnLostMouseCapture));
}

private void OnMouseMove(object sender, MouseEventArgs args)
{
  // ...
  InkCanvas.InkCanvasSelection.UpdateFeedbackAdorner(newRect);
  // ...
}

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