Mariadb数据库主从复制同步配置过程实例

[root@master yum.repos.d]# cat mariadb.repo 
# MariaDB 10.6 CentOS repository list - created 2021-12-27 11:21 UTC
# https://mariadb.org/download/
[mariadb]
name = MariaDB
baseurl = https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/mariadb/yum/10.6/centos7-amd64
gpgkey=https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/mariadb/yum/RPM-GPG-KEY-MariaDB
gpgcheck=0

 sed -i 's#//mirrors.xtom.com.hk#//mirrors.ustc.edu.cn#g' /etc/yum.repos.d/mariadb.repo

[root@master yum.repos.d]# yum repolist all
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
repo id                                                              repo name                                                             status
mariadb                                                              MariaDB                                                               enabled: 96
repolist: 96

yum -y install mariadb-server

[root@master yum.repos.d]# systemctl start mariadb
[root@master yum.repos.d]# systemctl enable  mariadb
Created symlink from /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/mariadb.service to /usr/lib/systemd/system/mariadb.service.
[root@master yum.repos.d]# 

[root@master ~]# mariadb-secure-installation 
NOTE: RUNNING ALL PARTS OF THIS SCRIPT IS RECOMMENDED FOR ALL MariaDB
      SERVERS IN PRODUCTION USE!  PLEASE READ EACH STEP CAREFULLY!
In order to log into MariaDB to secure it, we'll need the current
password for the root user. If you've just installed MariaDB, and
haven't set the root password yet, you should just press enter here.
Enter current password for root (enter for none): 
OK, successfully used password, moving on...
Setting the root password or using the unix_socket ensures that nobody
can log into the MariaDB root user without the proper authorisation.
You already have your root account protected, so you can safely answer 'n'.
Switch to unix_socket authentication [Y/n] n
 ... skipping.
You already have your root account protected, so you can safely answer 'n'.
Change the root password? [Y/n] n
 ... skipping.
By default, a MariaDB installation has an anonymous user, allowing anyone
to log into MariaDB without having to have a user account created for
them.  This is intended only for testing, and to make the installation
go a bit smoother.  You should remove them before moving into a
production environment.
Remove anonymous users? [Y/n] y
 ... Success!
Normally, root should only be allowed to connect from 'localhost'.  This
ensures that someone cannot guess at the root password from the network.
Disallow root login remotely? [Y/n] n
 ... skipping.
By default, MariaDB comes with a database named 'test' that anyone can
access.  This is also intended only for testing, and should be removed
before moving into a production environment.
Remove test database and access to it? [Y/n] y
 - Dropping test database...
 ... Success!
 - Removing privileges on test database...
 ... Success!
Reloading the privilege tables will ensure that all changes made so far
will take effect immediately.
Reload privilege tables now? [Y/n] y
 ... Success!
Cleaning up...
All done!  If you've completed all of the above steps, your MariaDB
installation should now be secure.
Thanks for using MariaDB!
[root@master ~]# 

[root@master ~]# grep -Ev "^$|^#" /etc/my.cnf.d/server.cnf
[server]
[mysqld]
character-set-server=utf8
collation-server=utf8_general_ci
server_id = 12    #  一组主从组里的每个id必须是唯一值。推荐用ip位数
log-bin= mysql-bin # 二进制日志，后面指定存放位置。如果只是指定名字，默认存放在/var/lib/mysql下
lower_case_table_names=1 # 不区分大小写
binlog-format=ROW    # 二进制日志文件格式
log-slave-updates=True    # slave更新是否记入日志
sync-master-info=1    # 值为1确保信息不会丢失
slave-parallel-threads=3 #同时启动多少个复制线程，最多与要复制的数据库数量相等即可
binlog-checksum=CRC32    # 效验码
master-verify-checksum=1    # 启动主服务器效验
slave-sql-verify-checksum=1   # 启动从服务器效验
[galera]
[embedded]
[mariadb]
[mariadb-10.6]
[root@master ~]# 

[root@master ~]# systemctl restart mariadb
[root@master ~]# 

[root@node01 ~]# cat  /etc/my.cnf.d/server.cnf
#
# These groups are read by MariaDB server.
# Use it for options that only the server (but not clients) should see
#
# See the examples of server my.cnf files in /usr/share/mysql/
#
# this is read by the standalone daemon and embedded servers
[server]
# this is only for the mysqld standalone daemon
[mysqld]
character-set-server=utf8
collation-server=utf8_general_ci
server_id=15
#log-bin= mysql-bin #log-bin是二进制文件
relay_log = relay-bin    # 中继日志, 后面指定存放位置。如果只是指定名字，默认存放在/var/lib/mysql下
lower_case_table_names=1
#
# * Galera-related settings
#
[galera]
# Mandatory settings
#wsrep_on=ON
#wsrep_provider=
#wsrep_cluster_address=
#binlog_format=row
#default_storage_engine=InnoDB
#innodb_autoinc_lock_mode=2
#
# Allow server to accept connections on all interfaces.
#
#bind-address=0.0.0.0
#
# Optional setting
#wsrep_slave_threads=1
#innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit=0
# this is only for embedded server
[embedded]
# This group is only read by MariaDB servers, not by MySQL.
# If you use the same .cnf file for MySQL and MariaDB,
# you can put MariaDB-only options here
[mariadb]
# This group is only read by MariaDB-10.6 servers.
# If you use the same .cnf file for MariaDB of different versions,
# use this group for options that older servers don't understand
[mariadb-10.6]

[root@node02 ~]# cat  /etc/my.cnf.d/server.cnf
#
# These groups are read by MariaDB server.
# Use it for options that only the server (but not clients) should see
#
# See the examples of server my.cnf files in /usr/share/mysql/
#
# this is read by the standalone daemon and embedded servers
[server]
# this is only for the mysqld standalone daemon
[mysqld]
character-set-server=utf8
collation-server=utf8_general_ci
server_id=16
#log-bin= mysql-bin #log-bin是二进制文件
relay_log = relay-bin    # 中继日志, 后面指定存放位置。如果只是指定名字，默认存放在/var/lib/mysql下
lower_case_table_names=1
#
# * Galera-related settings
#
[galera]
# Mandatory settings
#wsrep_on=ON
#wsrep_provider=
#wsrep_cluster_address=
#binlog_format=row
#default_storage_engine=InnoDB
#innodb_autoinc_lock_mode=2
#
# Allow server to accept connections on all interfaces.
#
#bind-address=0.0.0.0
#
# Optional setting
#wsrep_slave_threads=1
#innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit=0
# this is only for embedded server
[embedded]
# This group is only read by MariaDB servers, not by MySQL.
# If you use the same .cnf file for MySQL and MariaDB,
# you can put MariaDB-only options here
[mariadb]
# This group is only read by MariaDB-10.6 servers.
# If you use the same .cnf file for MariaDB of different versions,
# use this group for options that older servers don't understand
[mariadb-10.6]

systemctl restart mariadb

MariaDB [(none)]>  grant replication slave, replication client on *.* to 'redhat'@'%'  identified by 'admin';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.025 sec)
MariaDB [(none)]> flush privileges;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.000 sec)

MariaDB [(none)]> select user,password,host from mysql.user;
+-------------+-------------------------------------------+-----------+
| User        | Password                                  | Host      |
+-------------+-------------------------------------------+-----------+
| mariadb.sys |                                           | localhost |
| root        | invalid                                   | localhost |
| mysql       | invalid                                   | localhost |
| redhat      | *4ACFE3202A5FF5CF467898FC58AAB1D615029441 | %         |
+-------------+-------------------------------------------+-----------+
4 rows in set (0.002 sec)
MariaDB [(none)]> 

MariaDB [(none)]> show master status;
+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+
| File             | Position | Binlog_Do_DB | Binlog_Ignore_DB |
+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+
| mysql-bin.000002 |      659 |              |                  |
+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+
1 row in set (0.000 sec)
MariaDB [(none)]> 

[root@master ~]#  ll /var/lib/mysql/mysql-bin.index 
-rw-rw----. 1 mysql mysql 38 Nov 23 23:31 /var/lib/mysql/mysql-bin.index
[root@master ~]# cat  /var/lib/mysql/mysql-bin.index 
./mysql-bin.000001
./mysql-bin.000002

MariaDB [(none)]> select binlog_gtid_pos('mysql-bin.000002',659);
+-----------------------------------------+
| binlog_gtid_pos('mysql-bin.000002',659) |
+-----------------------------------------+
| 0-12-2                                  |
+-----------------------------------------+
1 row in set (0.000 sec)
MariaDB [(none)]> 

MariaDB [(none)]>  set global gtid_slave_pos='0-12-2';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.080 sec)

MariaDB [(none)]>  change master to master_host='192.168.3.171',master_user='redhat',master_password='admin',master_use_gtid=slave_pos;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.182 sec)

MariaDB [(none)]>  start slave;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.123 sec)

MariaDB [(none)]> show  slave status\G
*************************** 1. row ***************************
                Slave_IO_State: Waiting for master to send event
                   Master_Host: 192.168.3.171
                   Master_User: redhat
                   Master_Port: 3306
                 Connect_Retry: 60
               Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000002
           Read_Master_Log_Pos: 1450
                Relay_Log_File: relay-bin.000002
                 Relay_Log_Pos: 1461
         Relay_Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000002
              Slave_IO_Running: Yes
             Slave_SQL_Running: Yes
               Replicate_Do_DB: 
           Replicate_Ignore_DB: 
            Replicate_Do_Table: 
        Replicate_Ignore_Table: 
       Replicate_Wild_Do_Table: 
   Replicate_Wild_Ignore_Table: 
                    Last_Errno: 0
                    Last_Error: 
                  Skip_Counter: 0
           Exec_Master_Log_Pos: 1450
               Relay_Log_Space: 1764
               Until_Condition: None
                Until_Log_File: 
                 Until_Log_Pos: 0
            Master_SSL_Allowed: No
            Master_SSL_CA_File: 
            Master_SSL_CA_Path: 
               Master_SSL_Cert: 
             Master_SSL_Cipher: 
                Master_SSL_Key: 
         Seconds_Behind_Master: 0
 Master_SSL_Verify_Server_Cert: No
                 Last_IO_Errno: 0
                 Last_IO_Error: 
                Last_SQL_Errno: 0
                Last_SQL_Error: 
   Replicate_Ignore_Server_Ids: 
              Master_Server_Id: 12
                Master_SSL_Crl: 
            Master_SSL_Crlpath: 
                    Using_Gtid: Slave_Pos
                   Gtid_IO_Pos: 0-12-7
       Replicate_Do_Domain_Ids: 
   Replicate_Ignore_Domain_Ids: 
                 Parallel_Mode: optimistic
                     SQL_Delay: 0
           SQL_Remaining_Delay: NULL
       Slave_SQL_Running_State: Slave has read all relay log; waiting for more updates
              Slave_DDL_Groups: 3
Slave_Non_Transactional_Groups: 2
    Slave_Transactional_Groups: 0
1 row in set (0.000 sec)
MariaDB [(none)]> 

MariaDB [(none)]> create database school;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.001 sec)
MariaDB [(none)]> use school;
Database changed
MariaDB [school]> CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS `student`(
    ->    `id` INT UNSIGNED AUTO_INCREMENT,
    ->    `name` VARCHAR(100) NOT NULL,
    ->    `gender` TINYINT NOT NULL,
    ->    `age` INT UNSIGNED,
    ->    `class` INT UNSIGNED,
    ->      `course` VARCHAR(100) NOT NULL,
    ->     `grade` INT UNSIGNED,
    ->    PRIMARY KEY ( `id` )
    -> )ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.206 sec)
MariaDB [school]> insert into student ( name, gender, age, class, Course, grade ) values ( "高峰", "0", "22", "4", "英语", "100"), ( "陈林", "1", "15", "5", "化学", "99" );
Query OK, 2 rows affected (0.012 sec)
Records: 2  Duplicates: 0  Warnings: 0
MariaDB [school]> insert into student ( name, gender, age, class, course, grade ) values  ( "王明", "0", "16", "2", "数学", "88"),  ( "万易", "0", "17", "4", "地理", "79" ), ( "李依依", "1", "17", "3", "语文",  "90"  ) ;
Query OK, 3 rows affected (0.017 sec)
Records: 3  Duplicates: 0  Warnings: 0

MariaDB [school]> select * from school.student;
+----+-----------+--------+------+-------+--------+-------+
| id | name      | gender | age  | class | course | grade |
+----+-----------+--------+------+-------+--------+-------+
|  1 | 高峰      |      0 |   22 |     4 | 英语   |   100 |
|  2 | 陈林      |      1 |   15 |     5 | 化学   |    99 |
|  3 | 王明      |      0 |   16 |     2 | 数学   |    88 |
|  4 | 万易      |      0 |   17 |     4 | 地理   |    79 |
|  5 | 李依依    |      1 |   17 |     3 | 语文   |    90 |
+----+-----------+--------+------+-------+--------+-------+
5 rows in set (0.000 sec)
MariaDB [school]> 

[root@node01 ~]# hostname
node01
[root@node01 ~]# mariadb
Welcome to the MariaDB monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MariaDB connection id is 12
Server version: 10.6.11-MariaDB MariaDB Server
Copyright (c) 2000, 2018, Oracle, MariaDB Corporation Ab and others.
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
MariaDB [(none)]> select * from school.student;
+----+-----------+--------+------+-------+--------+-------+
| id | name      | gender | age  | class | course | grade |
+----+-----------+--------+------+-------+--------+-------+
|  1 | 高峰      |      0 |   22 |     4 | 英语   |   100 |
|  2 | 陈林      |      1 |   15 |     5 | 化学   |    99 |
|  3 | 王明      |      0 |   16 |     2 | 数学   |    88 |
|  4 | 万易      |      0 |   17 |     4 | 地理   |    79 |
|  5 | 李依依    |      1 |   17 |     3 | 语文   |    90 |
+----+-----------+--------+------+-------+--------+-------+
5 rows in set (0.000 sec)
MariaDB [(none)]>