MySQL窗口函数实现榜单排名-数据库

MySQL窗口函数实现榜单排名目录 rank() dense_rank() row_number() rank()函数的模拟实现 dense_rank()的模拟实现 row_number的模拟实现总结相信大家在日常的开发中经常会碰到榜单类的活动需求,通常在榜单中都会要求返回排名,今天我们就用MySQL的窗口函数来快

INSERT INTO praise_record (name, praise_num) VALUES ('John', 5);
INSERT INTO praise_record (name, praise_num) VALUES ('Jane', 3);
INSERT INTO praise_record (name, praise_num) VALUES ('Bob', 10);
INSERT INTO praise_record (name, praise_num) VALUES ('Alice', 3);
INSERT INTO praise_record (name, praise_num) VALUES ('David', 7);
INSERT INTO praise_record (name, praise_num) VALUES ('oct', 7);

然后就可以开始实现我们的需求：返回点赞的榜单，并返回排名

rank()

使用rank()函数返回点赞的榜单， rank() over()

## 注意这里返回的rank字段要用反引号包起来
select name, praise_num, rank() over (order by praise_num desc) as `rank` from praise_record;
+-------+------------+------+
| name  | praise_num | rank |
+-------+------------+------+
| Bob   |         10 |    1 |
| David |          7 |    2 |
| oct   |          7 |    2 |
| John  |          5 |    4 |
| Jane  |          3 |    5 |
| Alice |          3 |    5 |
+-------+------------+------+

可以看到使用rank()函数的时候相同的点赞数会返回相同的排名，排名会产生跳跃，最终的排名不是连续的

dense_rank()

使用dense_rank()函数返回点赞的榜单， dense_rank() over()

 select name, praise_num, dense_rank() over (order by praise_num desc) as `rank` from praise_record;

 +-------+------------+------+
| name  | praise_num | rank |
+-------+------------+------+
| Bob   |         10 |    1 |
| David |          7 |    2 |
| oct   |          7 |    2 |
| John  |          5 |    3 |
| Jane  |          3 |    4 |
| Alice |          3 |    4 |
+-------+------------+------+

与rank()函数相同的是，相同点赞数会返回相同的排名，但是dense_rank()返回的最终排名是连续的排名

row_number()

row_number()函数返回点赞的榜单，row_number() over()

 select name, praise_num, row_number() over (order by praise_num desc) as `rank` from praise_record;
 +-------+------------+------+
| name  | praise_num | rank |
+-------+------------+------+
| Bob   |         10 |    1 |
| David |          7 |    2 |
| oct   |          7 |    3 |
| John  |          5 |    4 |
| Jane  |          3 |    5 |
| Alice |          3 |    6 |
+-------+------------+------+

row_number()函数适合当返回的列表只需要序号时使用

以上三个函数都是MySQL8.0新加入的，所以在MySQL5.7这些老版本上我们可以模拟实现一下，顺便学习一下这三个窗口函数的实现原理

rank()函数的模拟实现

select p1.name, p1.praise_num, count(p2.praise_num) + 1 as `rank` from praise_record p1
left join praise_record p2 on p1.praise_num < p2.praise_num
group by p1.name, p1.praise_num
order by `rank`;
+-------+------------+------+
| name  | praise_num | rank |
+-------+------------+------+
| Bob   |         10 |    1 |
| David |          7 |    2 |
| oct   |          7 |    2 |
| John  |          5 |    4 |
| Jane  |          3 |    5 |
| Alice |          3 |    5 |
+-------+------------+------+

我们可以使用自联接的方式将每个分数低于当前行分数的记录计数，最后将计数值加1作为当前行的排名，来模拟实现rank()

dense_rank()的模拟实现

select p1.name, p1.praise_num, count(distinct p2.praise_num) + 1 as `dense_rank` from praise_record p1
left join praise_record p2 on p1.praise_num < p2.praise_num
group by p1.name, p1.praise_num
order by `dense_rank`;
+-------+------------+------------+
| name  | praise_num | dense_rank |
+-------+------------+------------+
| Bob   |         10 |          1 |
| oct   |          7 |          2 |
| David |          7 |          2 |
| John  |          5 |          3 |
| Jane  |          3 |          4 |
| Alice |          3 |          4 |
+-------+------------+------------+

dense_rank的实现与rank差不多，唯一的区别是增加了distinct对点赞数做了去重，这样子对不同的点赞数返回的排名就是连续的

row_number的模拟实现

##使用自定义变量得先初始化
set @rowNum = 0;
select name, praise_num, @rowNum := @rowNum +1 as `row_number`  from praise_record order by praise_num desc ;
+-------+------------+------------+
| name  | praise_num | row_number |
+-------+------------+------------+
| Bob   |         10 |          1 |
| David |          7 |          2 |
| oct   |          7 |          3 |
| John  |          5 |          4 |
| Jane  |          3 |          5 |
| Alice |          3 |          6 |
+-------+------------+------------+

我们可以使用一个rowNum变量来记录行号，每一行的数据rowNUm都+1，这样子就可以得到我们想要的序号