基于Hutool的图片验证码功能模块实现-Java开发

为了提高系统的安全性，防止接口被暴力刷新，验证码是个好的手段，图片验证码没有短信验证码的费用，其是个人开发者学习的重点，这篇文章主要介绍了基于Hutool的图片验证码功能模块实现,需要的朋友可以参考下

简介

Hutool是一个小而全的Java工具类库，通过静态方法封装，降低相关API的学习成本，提高工作效率，使Java拥有函数式语言般的优雅，让Java语言也可以“甜甜的”。

Hutool中的工具方法来自每个用户的精雕细琢，它涵盖了Java开发底层代码中的方方面面，它既是大型项目开发中解决小问题的利器，也是小型项目中的效率担当；

Hutool是项目中“util”包友好的替代，它节省了开发人员对项目中公用类和公用工具方法的封装时间，使开发专注于业务，同时可以最大限度的避免封装不完善带来的bug。

Hutool名称的由来

Hutool = Hu + tool，是原公司项目底层代码剥离后的开源库，“Hu”是公司名称的表示，tool表示工具。Hutool谐音“糊涂”，一方面简洁易懂，一方面寓意“难得糊涂”。

基于Hutool的图片验证码功能模块实现

1.背景

为了提高系统的安全性，防止接口被暴力刷新，验证码是个好的手段，图片验证码没有短信验证码的费用，其是个人开发者学习的重点。

2.方案设计

2.1 方案步骤

引入Hutool工具集
安装Redis
接入Reids配置

2.2 Hutool工具类引入

<dependency>
        <groupId>cn.hutool</groupId>
        <artifactId>hutool-all</artifactId>
        <version>5.8.8</version>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>redis.clients</groupId>
        <artifactId>jedis</artifactId>
        <version>3.7.0</version>
    </dependency>

2.3 安装Redis

默认端口：6379
- 下载连接 https://github.com/tporadowski/redis/releases
- 解压
- 双击redis-server.exe启动服务端
- 双击redis-cli.exe启动客户端连接服务端

2.4 接入Reids配置

在ClassPath（或者src/main/resources）的config目录下下新建redis.setting

#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Redis客户端配置样例
# 每一个分组代表一个Redis实例
# 无分组的Pool配置为所有分组的共用配置，如果分组自己定义Pool配置，则覆盖共用配置
# 池配置来自于：https://www.cnblogs.com/jklk/p/7095067.html
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------

#----- 默认（公有）配置
# 地址，默认localhost
host = localhost
# 端口，默认6379
port = 6379
# 超时，默认2000
timeout = 2000
# 连接超时，默认timeout
connectionTimeout = 2000
# 读取超时，默认timeout
soTimeout = 2000
# 密码，默认无
# 如果提示密码错误换成：Auth = 
password = 
# 数据库序号，默认0
database = 0
# 客户端名，默认"Hutool"
clientName = Hutool
# SSL连接，默认false
ssl = false;

#----- 自定义分组的连接
[custom]
# 地址，默认localhost
host = localhost
# 连接耗尽时是否阻塞, false报异常,ture阻塞直到超时, 默认true
BlockWhenExhausted = true;
# 设置的逐出策略类名, 默认DefaultEvictionPolicy(当连接超过最大空闲时间,或连接数超过最大空闲连接数)
evictionPolicyClassName = org.apache.commons.pool2.impl.DefaultEvictionPolicy
# 是否启用pool的jmx管理功能, 默认true
jmxEnabled = true;
# 是否启用后进先出, 默认true
lifo = true;
# 最大空闲连接数, 默认8个
maxIdle = 8
# 最小空闲连接数, 默认0
minIdle = 0
# 最大连接数, 默认8个
maxTotal = 8
# 获取连接时的最大等待毫秒数(如果设置为阻塞时BlockWhenExhausted),如果超时就抛异常, 小于零:阻塞不确定的时间,  默认-1
maxWaitMillis = -1
# 逐出连接的最小空闲时间 默认1800000毫秒(30分钟)
minEvictableIdleTimeMillis = 1800000
# 每次逐出检查时 逐出的最大数目 如果为负数就是 : 1/abs(n), 默认3
numTestsPerEvictionRun = 3;
# 对象空闲多久后逐出, 当空闲时间>该值 且 空闲连接>最大空闲数 时直接逐出,不再根据MinEvictableIdleTimeMillis判断  (默认逐出策略)
SoftMinEvictableIdleTimeMillis = 1800000
# 在获取连接的时候检查有效性, 默认false
testOnBorrow = false
# 在空闲时检查有效性, 默认false
testWhileIdle = false
# 逐出扫描的时间间隔(毫秒) 如果为负数,则不运行逐出线程, 默认-1
timeBetweenEvictionRunsMillis = -1

2.5 方案交互图

client server redis uuid generate: Image code JSON)(code, time) setnx(uid, JSON) save result send result opt [send option] uid + code get uid JSON(code, time) check code true? check result opt [check option] client server redis

3.模块编写

VerificationImageCodeService.java

package com.example.basePro.sevice;

import com.example.basePro.bean.dto.Result;
import com.example.basePro.bean.model.ImageCode;

/**
 * @Author: 
 * @Date: 2022/10/16
 * @Description:
 */
public interface VerificationImageCodeService {

    /**
     * 生成图片验证码对应的编码
     * @param uuid 用户id
     * @return 图片的base64编码
     */
    String generateImageCode(String uuid);

    /**
     * 验证图片验证码内容
     * @param uuid 用户id
     * @param code 验证码内容
     * @return 验证结果
     */
    Result<String> chechImageCode(String uuid, String code) throws Exception;
}

package com.example.basePro.sevice.Impl;

import cn.hutool.captcha.CaptchaUtil;
import cn.hutool.captcha.LineCaptcha;
import cn.hutool.db.nosql.redis.RedisDS;
import cn.hutool.json.JSONUtil;
import com.example.basePro.bean.dto.Result;
import com.example.basePro.bean.model.ImageCode;
import com.example.basePro.sevice.VerificationImageCodeService;
import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Value;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;
import org.springframework.util.StringUtils;
import redis.clients.jedis.Jedis;

/**
 * @Author: 
 * @Date: 2022/10/16
 * @Description:
 */

@Slf4j
@Service
public class VerificationImageCodeServiceImpl implements VerificationImageCodeService {

    /**
     * 验证码失效时间
     */
    @Value("${constants.expire.second: 600}")
    private Long expireSecond;


    @Override
    public String generateImageCode(String uuid) {
        String key = uuid;
        Jedis jedis = RedisDS.create().getJedis();

        LineCaptcha lineCaptcha = CaptchaUtil.createLineCaptcha(100, 50);
        log.info("image code is {}", lineCaptcha.getCode());

        jedis.del(key);

        // 存入缓存
        ImageCode imageCode = ImageCode.builder()
                .code(lineCaptcha.getCode())
                .createTime(System.currentTimeMillis())
                .build();
        jedis.setex(key, expireSecond, JSONUtil.toJsonStr(imageCode));

        // 浏览器中输入 data:image/png;base64, + base64， 即可显示图片
        return lineCaptcha.getImageBase64();
    }

    @Override
    public Result<String> chechImageCode(String uuid, String code) throws Exception {
        String key = uuid;

        Jedis jedis = RedisDS.create().getJedis();

        // 获取缓存中数据
        String cache = jedis.get(key);
        ImageCode imageCode = JSONUtil.toBean(cache, ImageCode.class);

        if (StringUtils.isEmpty(cache)){
            throw new Exception("验证码已过期");
        }

        // 验证码不匹配
        if(!code.equals(imageCode.getCode())){
            throw new Exception("验证码错误");
        }
        jedis.del(key);
        return Result.success("验证成功");
    }
}

4.接口测试

访问获取图片验证码接口：

http://localhost:8080/captcha/getcode?uuid=123456

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

在浏览器中输入：

data:image/png;base64,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

访问验证接口：