Java LinkedHashMap深入分析源码

大多数情况下,只要不涉及线程安全问题,Map基本都可以使用HashMap,不过HashMap有一个问题,就是迭代HashMap的顺序并不是HashMap放置的顺序,也就是无序。HashMap的这一缺点往往会带来困扰,所以LinkedHashMap就闪亮登场了,这篇文章通过源码解析带你

一、LinkedHashMap的类继承关系

二、源码分析

1.自己对LinkedHashMap的理解

从继承关系上,我们看到LinkedHashMap继承了HashMap,它里面的增删改差遍历的逻辑都是使用的HashMap中的,但是LinkedHashMap比HashMap多了一个双向链,这个双向链是从第一个插入的元素开始按照插入顺序,连接起来,所以可以说LinkedHashMap是可以保证插入顺序的。

看图:这里就简单的给大家看一下这个链是啥样的,不画红黑树了

2.如何做到双向链的增删改查

(1).增

1).是在创建新节点的时候,把双向链连接起来,注意有两种节点一个是TreeNode一个普通Node

源码:

    Node<K,V> newNode(int hash, K key, V value, Node<K,V> e) {
        LinkedHashMap.Entry<K,V> p =
            new LinkedHashMap.Entry<K,V>(hash, key, value, e);
        linkNodeLast(p);
        return p;
    }
    TreeNode<K,V> newTreeNode(int hash, K key, V value, Node<K,V> next) {
        TreeNode<K,V> p = new TreeNode<K,V>(hash, key, value, next);
        linkNodeLast(p);
        return p;
    }
    private void linkNodeLast(LinkedHashMap.Entry<K,V> p) {
        LinkedHashMap.Entry<K,V> last = tail;
        tail = p;
        if (last == null)
            head = p;
        else {
            p.before = last;
            last.after = p;
        }
    }
    static class Entry<K,V> extends HashMap.Node<K,V> {
        Entry<K,V> before, after;
        Entry(int hash, K key, V value, Node<K,V> next) {
            super(hash, key, value, next);
        }
    }

代码太简单了,这里简单描述一下,就是添加新节点会创建Node,有两种Node:TreeNode和普通Node(注意这里多态的使用普通Node和LinedHashMap.Entry和TreeNode的关系看一下就明白了),在创建之后放到双向链最后面。

2).有好多人说了还有一个afterNodeInsertion方法,这个方法的名字就显示是在插入之后调用的,是不是在这个方法中也有修改链表的逻辑,我们来看这个方法

    void afterNodeInsertion(boolean evict) { // possibly remove eldest
        LinkedHashMap.Entry<K,V> first;
        if (evict && (first = head) != null && removeEldestEntry(first)) {
            K key = first.key;
            removeNode(hash(key), key, null, false, true);
        }
    }
    protected boolean removeEldestEntry(Map.Entry<K,V> eldest) {
        return false;
    }

看这个判断,有一个永远是false,也就是说如果我们不重写这个removeEldestEntry方法,那这个afterNodeInsertion方法里的逻辑永远不会执行,那这个玩意儿是干啥的呢,看逻辑是用来移除最早的头节点的,不知道为啥写着么一段,默认不会执行!!!

(2).删

    void afterNodeRemoval(Node<K,V> e) { // unlink
        LinkedHashMap.Entry<K,V> p =
                (LinkedHashMap.Entry<K,V>)e, b = p.before, a = p.after; // b是当前节点的前一个节点,a是后一个节点
        p.before = p.after = null; //先断开当前节点,把当前节点对上一个和下一个节点的引用置为空
        if (b == null) //当前节点的前一个节点是null,说明当前节点是头节点,那去掉当前节点之后,当前节点的后一个节点成为了链第一个,
            // 也就是头节点,当然有可能a也是null,那整个链就是空链,这种写法兼容了a也是null的情况
            head = a;
        else 
            b.after = a; //如果当前节点不是头节点,直接去掉当前节点,当前节点的前一个和后一个连起来
        if (a == null) //如果当前节点的后一个节点是null,说明当前节点是尾节点,那把当前节点去掉后,当前节点的前一个节点成为了链的最后一个节点尾节点。
            tail = b;
        else
            a.before = b;//如果当前节点不是尾节点,直接去掉当前节点,当前节点的前一个和后一个连起来
    }

这个删除我们看一下在哪里调用的:

    final Node<K,V> removeNode(int hash, Object key, Object value,
                               boolean matchValue, boolean movable) {
            ...
            if (node != null && (!matchValue || (v = node.value) == value ||
                                 (value != null && value.equals(v)))) {
                if (node instanceof TreeNode)
                    ((TreeNode<K,V>)node).removeTreeNode(this, tab, movable);
                else if (node == p)
                    tab[index] = node.next;
                else
                    p.next = node.next;
                ++modCount;
                --size;
                afterNodeRemoval(node); //⭐️⭐️⭐️
                return node;
            }
        }
        return null;
    }

在HashMap的removeNode方法里,当时学习HashMap的时候还是有疑惑的这个方法干啥使的,还是一个没有方法体的空实现方法,现在明白了,就是在给子类重写呢,所以说LinkedHashMap增删改查基本上全是HashMap的逻辑。

(3).改

有几点要注意

1).首先声明一点afterNodeAccess这个方法虽然在HashMap中改变键值对value值的时候都会调用,但是它和改变值没啥关系,真正的改值的逻辑是HashMap中的例如putVal方法,这个方法只是在改完值之后调用一下

    final V putVal(int hash, K key, V value, boolean onlyIfAbsent,
                   boolean evict) {
            ...
            if (e != null) { // existing mapping for key
                V oldValue = e.value;
                if (!onlyIfAbsent || oldValue == null)
                    e.value = value;
                afterNodeAccess(e); //⭐️⭐️⭐️⭐️
                return oldValue;
            }
        }
        ++modCount;
        if (++size > threshold)
            resize();
        afterNodeInsertion(evict);
        return null;
    }

2).afterNodeAccess的真正作用是把刚刚访问过的节点放到双向链的末尾,一旦执行这个方法那就会打乱我们由插入顺序形成的链表,这个逻辑执不执行由accessOrder变量控制

/**
 * 此方法的作用是将刚刚访问的节点e放到链表的尾端
 */
void afterNodeAccess(Node<K,V> e) {
    LinkedHashMap.Entry<K,V> last;
    // accessOrder = true 时 访问节点后才需要置于尾端
    // 如果e本身就在尾端,那就不需要操作
    if (accessOrder && (last = tail) != e) {
    	// 记录节点e、e的前驱、e的后继
        LinkedHashMap.Entry<K,V> p = (LinkedHashMap.Entry<K,V>)e, b = p.before, a = p.after;
        // 第一步:现将p.after置空
        p.after = null;
        // 第二步:将e的前驱.after 连接上e的后继
        if (b == null)
        	// b记录e的前驱,前驱为null,则e在表头,head置为e的后继
            head = a;
        else
        	// 否则 e的前驱.after = e的后继
            b.after = a;
        // 第三步:将e的后继.before 连接上e的前驱
        if (a != null)
        	// e的后继 != null,将e后继.before = e的前驱
            a.before = b;
        else
        	// 否则e的后继 == null,即在e表尾(这里有点多余,前面已经判断在表尾不操作。。。)
            last = b;
        // 第四步:将节点e接入到链表的尾端
        if (last == null)
        	// last == null,链表为空,head = p
            head = p;
        else {
        	// p.before 指向last(链表尾端),尾端.after = p
            p.before = last;
            last.after = p;
        }
        // 第四步:更新链表新尾端tail
        tail = p;
        // 链表结构性调整,修改次数自增
        ++modCount;
    }
}

注意,到底会不会执行这个方法,是由accessOrder变量控制,而这个变量只有在构造方法中指定才会为ture,其他的构造方法默认都是false不执行这段逻辑:

public LinkedHashMap(int initialCapacity, float loadFactor) {
        super(initialCapacity, loadFactor);
        accessOrder = false;
    }
    /**
     * Constructs an empty insertion-ordered <tt>LinkedHashMap</tt> instance
     * with the specified initial capacity and a default load factor (0.75).
     *
     * @param  initialCapacity the initial capacity
     * @throws IllegalArgumentException if the initial capacity is negative
     */
    public LinkedHashMap(int initialCapacity) {
        super(initialCapacity);
        accessOrder = false;
    }
    /**
     * Constructs an empty insertion-ordered <tt>LinkedHashMap</tt> instance
     * with the default initial capacity (16) and load factor (0.75).
     */
    public LinkedHashMap() {
        super();
        accessOrder = false;
    }
    /**
     * Constructs an insertion-ordered <tt>LinkedHashMap</tt> instance with
     * the same mappings as the specified map.  The <tt>LinkedHashMap</tt>
     * instance is created with a default load factor (0.75) and an initial
     * capacity sufficient to hold the mappings in the specified map.
     *
     * @param  m the map whose mappings are to be placed in this map
     * @throws NullPointerException if the specified map is null
     */
    public LinkedHashMap(Map<? extends K, ? extends V> m) {
        super();
        accessOrder = false;
        putMapEntries(m, false);
    }
    /**
     * Constructs an empty <tt>LinkedHashMap</tt> instance with the
     * specified initial capacity, load factor and ordering mode.
     *
     * @param  initialCapacity the initial capacity
     * @param  loadFactor      the load factor
     * @param  accessOrder     the ordering mode - <tt>true</tt> for
     *         access-order, <tt>false</tt> for insertion-order
     * @throws IllegalArgumentException if the initial capacity is negative
     *         or the load factor is nonpositive
     */
    public LinkedHashMap(int initialCapacity,
                         float loadFactor,
                         boolean accessOrder) {
        super(initialCapacity, loadFactor);
        this.accessOrder = accessOrder;
    }

(4).查

    public V get(Object key) {
        Node<K,V> e;
        if ((e = getNode(hash(key), key)) == null)
            return null;
        if (accessOrder)
            afterNodeAccess(e);
        return e.value;
    }
    /**
     * {@inheritDoc}
     */
    public V getOrDefault(Object key, V defaultValue) {
       Node<K,V> e;
       if ((e = getNode(hash(key), key)) == null)
           return defaultValue;
       if (accessOrder)
           afterNodeAccess(e);
       return e.value;
   }

没啥好说的,都是调用的HashMap的代码。

3.遍历

遍历 和hashMap一样,只不过重写了一些方法,重写是为了按插入顺序遍历

 public Set<K> keySet() {
        Set<K> ks = keySet;
        if (ks == null) {
            ks = new LinkedKeySet();
            keySet = ks;
        }
        return ks;
    }
    final class LinkedKeySet extends AbstractSet<K> {
        public final int size()                 { return size; }
        public final void clear()               { LinkedHashMap.this.clear(); }
        public final Iterator<K> iterator() {
            return new LinkedKeyIterator();
        }
        public final boolean contains(Object o) { return containsKey(o); }
        public final boolean remove(Object key) {
            return removeNode(hash(key), key, null, false, true) != null;
        }
        public final Spliterator<K> spliterator()  {
            return Spliterators.spliterator(this, Spliterator.SIZED |
                                            Spliterator.ORDERED |
                                            Spliterator.DISTINCT);
        }
        public final void forEach(Consumer<? super K> action) {
            if (action == null)
                throw new NullPointerException();
            int mc = modCount;
            for (LinkedHashMap.Entry<K,V> e = head; e != null; e = e.after)
                action.accept(e.key);
            if (modCount != mc)
                throw new ConcurrentModificationException();
        }
    }
   public Collection<V> values() {
        Collection<V> vs = values;
        if (vs == null) {
            vs = new LinkedValues();
            values = vs;
        }
        return vs;
    }
    final class LinkedValues extends AbstractCollection<V> {
        public final int size()                 { return size; }
        public final void clear()               { LinkedHashMap.this.clear(); }
        public final Iterator<V> iterator() {
            return new LinkedValueIterator();
        }
        public final boolean contains(Object o) { return containsValue(o); }
        public final Spliterator<V> spliterator() {
            return Spliterators.spliterator(this, Spliterator.SIZED |
                                            Spliterator.ORDERED);
        }
        public final void forEach(Consumer<? super V> action) {
            if (action == null)
                throw new NullPointerException();
            int mc = modCount;
            for (LinkedHashMap.Entry<K,V> e = head; e != null; e = e.after)
                action.accept(e.value);
            if (modCount != mc)
                throw new ConcurrentModificationException();
        }
    }
    /**
     * Returns a {@link Set} view of the mappings contained in this map.
     * The set is backed by the map, so changes to the map are
     * reflected in the set, and vice-versa.  If the map is modified
     * while an iteration over the set is in progress (except through
     * the iterator's own <tt>remove</tt> operation, or through the
     * <tt>setValue</tt> operation on a map entry returned by the
     * iterator) the results of the iteration are undefined.  The set
     * supports element removal, which removes the corresponding
     * mapping from the map, via the <tt>Iterator.remove</tt>,
     * <tt>Set.remove</tt>, <tt>removeAll</tt>, <tt>retainAll</tt> and
     * <tt>clear</tt> operations.  It does not support the
     * <tt>add</tt> or <tt>addAll</tt> operations.
     * Its {@link Spliterator} typically provides faster sequential
     * performance but much poorer parallel performance than that of
     * {@code HashMap}.
     *
     * @return a set view of the mappings contained in this map
     */
    public Set<Map.Entry<K,V>> entrySet() {
        Set<Map.Entry<K,V>> es;
        return (es = entrySet) == null ? (entrySet = new LinkedEntrySet()) : es;
    }
    final class LinkedEntrySet extends AbstractSet<Map.Entry<K,V>> {
        public final int size()                 { return size; }
        public final void clear()               { LinkedHashMap.this.clear(); }
        public final Iterator<Map.Entry<K,V>> iterator() {
            return new LinkedEntryIterator();
        }
        public final boolean contains(Object o) {
            if (!(o instanceof Map.Entry))
                return false;
            Map.Entry<?,?> e = (Map.Entry<?,?>) o;
            Object key = e.getKey();
            Node<K,V> candidate = getNode(hash(key), key);
            return candidate != null && candidate.equals(e);
        }
        public final boolean remove(Object o) {
            if (o instanceof Map.Entry) {
                Map.Entry<?,?> e = (Map.Entry<?,?>) o;
                Object key = e.getKey();
                Object value = e.getValue();
                return removeNode(hash(key), key, value, true, true) != null;
            }
            return false;
        }
        public final Spliterator<Map.Entry<K,V>> spliterator() {
            return Spliterators.spliterator(this, Spliterator.SIZED |
                                            Spliterator.ORDERED |
                                            Spliterator.DISTINCT);
        }
        public final void forEach(Consumer<? super Map.Entry<K,V>> action) {
            if (action == null)
                throw new NullPointerException();
            int mc = modCount;
            for (LinkedHashMap.Entry<K,V> e = head; e != null; e = e.after)
                action.accept(e);
            if (modCount != mc)
                throw new ConcurrentModificationException();
        }
    }
    // Map overrides
    public void forEach(BiConsumer<? super K, ? super V> action) {
        if (action == null)
            throw new NullPointerException();
        int mc = modCount;
        for (LinkedHashMap.Entry<K,V> e = head; e != null; e = e.after)
            action.accept(e.key, e.value);
        if (modCount != mc)
            throw new ConcurrentModificationException();
    }
    public void replaceAll(BiFunction<? super K, ? super V, ? extends V> function) {
        if (function == null)
            throw new NullPointerException();
        int mc = modCount;
        for (LinkedHashMap.Entry<K,V> e = head; e != null; e = e.after)
            e.value = function.apply(e.key, e.value);
        if (modCount != mc)
            throw new ConcurrentModificationException();
    }

简单测试一下,是不是按顺序遍历:

public class LinkedHashMapTestMain {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        LinkedHashMap<String,String> linkedHashMap = new LinkedHashMap<>();
        for (int i = 0; i < 100; i++) {
            linkedHashMap.put(i + "", i + "");
        }
        //第一种entrySet
        Set<Map.Entry<String, String>> entrySet = linkedHashMap.entrySet();
        Iterator<Map.Entry<String, String>> iterator = entrySet.iterator();
        while (iterator.hasNext()) {
            Map.Entry<String, String> entry = iterator.next();
            System.out.println("entrySet: " + "key: " + entry.getKey() + "--- value: " + entry.getValue());
        }
        for (Map.Entry<String, String> entry : entrySet){
            System.out.println("entrySet forEach循环: " + "key: " + entry.getKey() + "--- value: " + entry.getValue());
        }
        //第二种keySet
        Set<String> keySet = linkedHashMap.keySet();
        Iterator<String> keySetIterator = keySet.iterator();
        while (keySetIterator.hasNext()){
            String key = keySetIterator.next();
            System.out.println("keySet: " + "key: " + key + "--- value: " + linkedHashMap.get(key));
        }
        for (String key : keySet){
            System.out.println("keySet forEach循环: " + "key: " + key + "--- value: " + linkedHashMap.get(key));
        }
    }
}

执行结果:

entrySet: key: 0--- value: 0
entrySet: key: 1--- value: 1
entrySet: key: 2--- value: 2
entrySet: key: 3--- value: 3
entrySet: key: 4--- value: 4
entrySet: key: 5--- value: 5
entrySet: key: 6--- value: 6
entrySet: key: 7--- value: 7
entrySet: key: 8--- value: 8
entrySet: key: 9--- value: 9
entrySet: key: 10--- value: 10
entrySet: key: 11--- value: 11
entrySet: key: 12--- value: 12
entrySet: key: 13--- value: 13
entrySet: key: 14--- value: 14
entrySet: key: 15--- value: 15
entrySet: key: 16--- value: 16
entrySet: key: 17--- value: 17
entrySet: key: 18--- value: 18
entrySet: key: 19--- value: 19
entrySet: key: 20--- value: 20
entrySet: key: 21--- value: 21
entrySet: key: 22--- value: 22
entrySet: key: 23--- value: 23
entrySet: key: 24--- value: 24
entrySet: key: 25--- value: 25
entrySet: key: 26--- value: 26
entrySet: key: 27--- value: 27
entrySet: key: 28--- value: 28
entrySet: key: 29--- value: 29
entrySet: key: 30--- value: 30
entrySet: key: 31--- value: 31
entrySet: key: 32--- value: 32
entrySet: key: 33--- value: 33
entrySet: key: 34--- value: 34
entrySet: key: 35--- value: 35
entrySet: key: 36--- value: 36
entrySet: key: 37--- value: 37
entrySet: key: 38--- value: 38
entrySet: key: 39--- value: 39
entrySet: key: 40--- value: 40
entrySet: key: 41--- value: 41
entrySet: key: 42--- value: 42
entrySet: key: 43--- value: 43
entrySet: key: 44--- value: 44
entrySet: key: 45--- value: 45
entrySet: key: 46--- value: 46
entrySet: key: 47--- value: 47
entrySet: key: 48--- value: 48
entrySet: key: 49--- value: 49
entrySet: key: 50--- value: 50
entrySet: key: 51--- value: 51
entrySet: key: 52--- value: 52
entrySet: key: 53--- value: 53
entrySet: key: 54--- value: 54
entrySet: key: 55--- value: 55
entrySet: key: 56--- value: 56
entrySet: key: 57--- value: 57
entrySet: key: 58--- value: 58
entrySet: key: 59--- value: 59
entrySet: key: 60--- value: 60
entrySet: key: 61--- value: 61
entrySet: key: 62--- value: 62
entrySet: key: 63--- value: 63
entrySet: key: 64--- value: 64
entrySet: key: 65--- value: 65
entrySet: key: 66--- value: 66
entrySet: key: 67--- value: 67
entrySet: key: 68--- value: 68
entrySet: key: 69--- value: 69
entrySet: key: 70--- value: 70
entrySet: key: 71--- value: 71
entrySet: key: 72--- value: 72
entrySet: key: 73--- value: 73
entrySet: key: 74--- value: 74
entrySet: key: 75--- value: 75
entrySet: key: 76--- value: 76
entrySet: key: 77--- value: 77
entrySet: key: 78--- value: 78
entrySet: key: 79--- value: 79
entrySet: key: 80--- value: 80
entrySet: key: 81--- value: 81
entrySet: key: 82--- value: 82
entrySet: key: 83--- value: 83
entrySet: key: 84--- value: 84
entrySet: key: 85--- value: 85
entrySet: key: 86--- value: 86
entrySet: key: 87--- value: 87
entrySet: key: 88--- value: 88
entrySet: key: 89--- value: 89
entrySet: key: 90--- value: 90
entrySet: key: 91--- value: 91
entrySet: key: 92--- value: 92
entrySet: key: 93--- value: 93
entrySet: key: 94--- value: 94
entrySet: key: 95--- value: 95
entrySet: key: 96--- value: 96
entrySet: key: 97--- value: 97
entrySet: key: 98--- value: 98
entrySet: key: 99--- value: 99
entrySet forEach循环: key: 0--- value: 0
entrySet forEach循环: key: 1--- value: 1
entrySet forEach循环: key: 2--- value: 2
entrySet forEach循环: key: 3--- value: 3
entrySet forEach循环: key: 4--- value: 4
entrySet forEach循环: key: 5--- value: 5
entrySet forEach循环: key: 6--- value: 6
entrySet forEach循环: key: 7--- value: 7
entrySet forEach循环: key: 8--- value: 8
entrySet forEach循环: key: 9--- value: 9
entrySet forEach循环: key: 10--- value: 10
entrySet forEach循环: key: 11--- value: 11
entrySet forEach循环: key: 12--- value: 12
entrySet forEach循环: key: 13--- value: 13
entrySet forEach循环: key: 14--- value: 14
entrySet forEach循环: key: 15--- value: 15
entrySet forEach循环: key: 16--- value: 16
entrySet forEach循环: key: 17--- value: 17
entrySet forEach循环: key: 18--- value: 18
entrySet forEach循环: key: 19--- value: 19
entrySet forEach循环: key: 20--- value: 20
entrySet forEach循环: key: 21--- value: 21
entrySet forEach循环: key: 22--- value: 22
entrySet forEach循环: key: 23--- value: 23
entrySet forEach循环: key: 24--- value: 24
entrySet forEach循环: key: 25--- value: 25
entrySet forEach循环: key: 26--- value: 26
entrySet forEach循环: key: 27--- value: 27
entrySet forEach循环: key: 28--- value: 28
entrySet forEach循环: key: 29--- value: 29
entrySet forEach循环: key: 30--- value: 30
entrySet forEach循环: key: 31--- value: 31
entrySet forEach循环: key: 32--- value: 32
entrySet forEach循环: key: 33--- value: 33
entrySet forEach循环: key: 34--- value: 34
entrySet forEach循环: key: 35--- value: 35
entrySet forEach循环: key: 36--- value: 36
entrySet forEach循环: key: 37--- value: 37
entrySet forEach循环: key: 38--- value: 38
entrySet forEach循环: key: 39--- value: 39
entrySet forEach循环: key: 40--- value: 40
entrySet forEach循环: key: 41--- value: 41
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本文标题为:Java LinkedHashMap深入分析源码

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