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Spring Security实现HTTP认证

Java开发
2022-11-29

本文主要介绍了Spring Security实现HTTP认证，文中通过示例代码介绍的非常详细，对大家的学习或者工作具有一定的参考学习价值，需要的朋友们下面随着小编来一起学习学习吧BR

Spring Security是一个能够为基于Spring的企业应用系统提供声明式的安全访问控制解决方案的安全框架。它提供了一组可以在Spring应用上下文中配置的Bean，充分利用了Spring IoC（控制反转），DI（依赖注入）和AOP（面向切面编程）功能，为应用系统提供声明式的安全访问控制功能，减少了为企业系统安全控制编写大量重复代码的工作。

前言

除系统内维护的用户名和密码认证技术外，Spring Security还支持HTTP层面的认证，包括HTTP基本认证和HTTP摘要认证

一、HTTP基本认证是什么？

HTTP基本认证是在RFC2616中定义的一种认证模式。

二、HTTP基本认证流程

  • 客户端发起一条没有携带认证信息的请求。
  • 服务器返回一条401 Unauthorized响应， 并在WWW-Authentication首部说明认证形式， 当进行HTTP基本认证时， WWW-Authentication会被设置为Basic realm=“被保护页面”。
  • 客户端收到401 Unauthorized 响应后， 弹出对话框， 询问用户名和密码。 当用户完成后， 客户端将用户名和密码使用冒号拼接并编码为Base64形式， 然后放入请求的Authorization首部发送给服务器。
  • 服务器解码得到客户端发来的用户名和密码，并在验证它们是正确的之后，返回客户端请求的报文

有上面可以看出只需要验证Authentication即可，因此如果不使用浏览器访问HTTP基本认证保护的页面，则自行在请求头中设置Authorization也是可以.

HTTP基本认证是一种无状态的认证方式，与表单认证相比，HTTP基本认证是一种基于HTTP层面的认证方式，无法携带session，即无法实现Remember-ME功能。另外，用户名和密码在传递时仅做一次简单的Base64编码，几乎等同于明文传输，极易出现密码被窃听和重放攻击等安全性问题，在实际系统开发中很少使用这种方式来进行安全验证。 如果有必要，也应使用加密的传输层HTTPS来保障安全.

一.Spring Security使用HTTP基本认证

1.创建项目spring-security-http-auth

pom.xml:

<dependency>
    <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-security</artifactId>
</dependency>

<dependency>
    <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
</dependency>

2.创建配置文件WebSecurityConfig

@EnableWebSecurity
public class WebSecurityConfig extends WebSecurityConfigurerAdapter {

    @Override
    protected void configure(HttpSecurity http) throws Exception {
        http.authorizeRequests().anyRequest().authenticated().and().httpBasic();
    }
}

上面的配置最后添加了httpBasic()，使用http基本认证

3.运行项目

访问本地项目，http://localhost:8080

会弹出登陆框，我们看到调试工具中返回了401无权限。

我们使用Spring Security提供的默认的用户名和密码登陆。

登陆成功后，header中就会有Authorization: Basic dXNlcjo0NWU2NzViOC1hZGYwLTQzNzMtYjA2MS02MGE0YzkzZjA2ZGU=

二.Spring Security HTTP基本认证原理

上面我们实现了HTTP基本认证，我们看看其中Spring Security中是如何做到的？
我们使用HTTP基本认证的时候，在配置类中使用httpBasic()进行处理。
httpBasic方法：

public HttpBasicConfigurer<HttpSecurity> httpBasic() throws Exception {
        return (HttpBasicConfigurer)this.getOrApply(new HttpBasicConfigurer());
    }

上面可以看出，Spring Security进行HTTP基本认证是使用HttpBasicConfigurer配置类进行的。
HttpBasicConfigurer.class:

//构建HttpBasicConfigurer
public HttpBasicConfigurer() {
        this.realmName("Realm");
        LinkedHashMap<RequestMatcher, AuthenticationEntryPoint> entryPoints = new LinkedHashMap();
        entryPoints.put(X_REQUESTED_WITH, new HttpStatusEntryPoint(HttpStatus.UNAUTHORIZED));
        DelegatingAuthenticationEntryPoint defaultEntryPoint = new DelegatingAuthenticationEntryPoint(entryPoints);
        defaultEntryPoint.setDefaultEntryPoint(this.basicAuthEntryPoint);
        this.authenticationEntryPoint = defaultEntryPoint;
    }
//进行配置
public void configure(B http) {
		//进行认证管理
        AuthenticationManager authenticationManager = (AuthenticationManager)http.getSharedObject(AuthenticationManager.class);
        //声明basic认证拦截器
        BasicAuthenticationFilter basicAuthenticationFilter = new BasicAuthenticationFilter(authenticationManager, this.authenticationEntryPoint);
        if (this.authenticationDetailsSource != null) {
            basicAuthenticationFilter.setAuthenticationDetailsSource(this.authenticationDetailsSource);
        }
		//注册一个RememberMeServices
        RememberMeServices rememberMeServices = (RememberMeServices)http.getSharedObject(RememberMeServices.class);
        if (rememberMeServices != null) {
			//设置rememberMeServices      
            basicAuthenticationFilter.setRememberMeServices(rememberMeServices);
        }
		//申明basicAuthenticationFilter过滤器
        basicAuthenticationFilter = (BasicAuthenticationFilter)this.postProcess(basicAuthenticationFilter);
        http.addFilter(basicAuthenticationFilter);
    }

上面声明BasicAuthenticationFilter并添加到拦截器链中
BasicAuthenticationFilter.class:

    protected void doFilterInternal(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, FilterChain chain) throws IOException, ServletException {
        try {
        	//获取token
            UsernamePasswordAuthenticationToken authRequest = this.authenticationConverter.convert(request);
            //authRequest为空直接放行
            if (authRequest == null) {
                this.logger.trace("Did not process authentication request since failed to find username and password in Basic Authorization header");
                chain.doFilter(request, response);
                return;
            }
			//获取用户名
            String username = authRequest.getName();
            this.logger.trace(LogMessage.format("Found username '%s' in Basic Authorization header", username));
            if (this.authenticationIsRequired(username)) {
                Authentication authResult = this.authenticationManager.authenticate(authRequest);
                //创建上下文
                SecurityContext context = SecurityContextHolder.createEmptyContext();
                context.setAuthentication(authResult);
                //设置响应的上下文
                SecurityContextHolder.setContext(context);
                if (this.logger.isDebugEnabled()) {
                    this.logger.debug(LogMessage.format("Set SecurityContextHolder to %s", authResult));
                }
				
                this.rememberMeServices.loginSuccess(request, response, authResult);
                this.onSuccessfulAuthentication(request, response, authResult);
            }
        } catch (AuthenticationException var8) {
            SecurityContextHolder.clearContext();
            this.logger.debug("Failed to process authentication request", var8);
            this.rememberMeServices.loginFail(request, response);
            this.onUnsuccessfulAuthentication(request, response, var8);
            if (this.ignoreFailure) {
                chain.doFilter(request, response);
            } else {
                this.authenticationEntryPoint.commence(request, response, var8);
            }

            return;
        }

        chain.doFilter(request, response);
    }

BasicAuthenticationEntryPoint返回进行响应的处理

 public void commence(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, AuthenticationException authException) throws IOException {
 		//添加响应响应头
        response.addHeader("WWW-Authenticate", "Basic realm=\"" + this.realmName + "\"");
        response.sendError(HttpStatus.UNAUTHORIZED.value(), HttpStatus.UNAUTHORIZED.getReasonPhrase());
    }

三.HTTP摘要认证是什么？

HTTP摘要认证和HTTP基本认证一样，也是在RFC2616中定义的认证模式，RFC2617专门对这两种认证模式做了规定。与 HTTP 基本认证相比，HTTP 摘要认证使用对通信双方都可知的口令进行校验，且最终的传输数据并非明文形式。

摘要认证是一种协议规定的Web服务器用来同网页浏览器进行认证信息协商的方法。它在密码发出前，先对其应用哈希函数，这相对于HTTP基本认证发送明文而言，更安全。

从技术上讲，摘要认证是使用随机数来阻止进行密码分析的MD5加密哈希函数应用。
HTTP摘要认证流程：

HTTP摘要认证中的相关参数：

  • username： 用户名。
  • password： 用户密码。
  • realm： 认证域， 由服务器返回。
  • opaque： 透传字符串， 客户端应原样返回。
  • method： 请求的方法。
  • nonce： 由服务器生成的随机字符串。
  • nc： 即nonce-count， 指请求的次数， 用于计数， 防止重放攻击。 qop被指定时， nc也必须被指定。
  • cnonce： 客户端发给服务器的随机字符串， qop被指定时， cnonce也必须被指定。
  • qop： 保护级别， 客户端根据此参数指定摘要算法。 若取值为auth， 则只进行身份验证； 若取
  • 值为auth-int， 则还需要校验内容完整性。
  • uri： 请求的uri。
  • response：客户端根据算法算出的摘要值。
  • algorithm：摘要算法， 目前仅支持MD5。
  • entity-body：页面实体，非消息实体，仅在auth-int中支持。
  • 通常服务器携带的数据包括realm、 opaque、 nonce、 qop等字段， 如果客户端需要做出验证回应，就必须按照一定的算法计算得到一些新的数据并一起返回。

四.Spring Security使用HTTP摘要认证流程？

在Spring Security中没有像HTTP基础认证那样，通过httpBasic()方法进行集成HTTP摘要认证，但是Spring Security提供了像BasicAuthenticationEntryPoint一样的DigestAuthenticationEntryPoint.就是我们需要将DigestAuthenticationEntryPoint添加到filter过滤器中去处理。
代码如下：
WebSecurityConfig类：

@EnableWebSecurity
public class WebSecurityConfig extends WebSecurityConfigurerAdapter {

    @Autowired
    private DigestAuthenticationEntryPoint digestAuthenticationEntryPoint;

    @Autowired
    private UserDetailsService userDetailsService;

    @Override
    protected void configure(HttpSecurity http) throws Exception {
        http.authorizeRequests().anyRequest().authenticated().and()
                .exceptionHandling()
                .authenticationEntryPoint(digestAuthenticationEntryPoint)
                .and().addFilter(digestAuthenticationFilter());
    }

    public DigestAuthenticationFilter digestAuthenticationFilter(){
        DigestAuthenticationFilter digestAuthenticationFilter = new DigestAuthenticationFilter();
        digestAuthenticationFilter.setUserDetailsService(userDetailsService);
        digestAuthenticationFilter.setAuthenticationEntryPoint(digestAuthenticationEntryPoint);
        return digestAuthenticationFilter;
    }

}

申明DigestAuthenticationEntryPointBean:

@Bean
    public DigestAuthenticationEntryPoint digestAuthenticationEntryPoint(){
        DigestAuthenticationEntryPoint digestAuthenticationEntryPoint = new DigestAuthenticationEntryPoint();
        digestAuthenticationEntryPoint.setRealmName("realName");
        digestAuthenticationEntryPoint.setKey("tony");
        return digestAuthenticationEntryPoint;
    }
@Bean
    public DigestAuthenticationEntryPoint digestAuthenticationEntryPoint(){
        DigestAuthenticationEntryPoint digestAuthenticationEntryPoint = new DigestAuthenticationEntryPoint();
        digestAuthenticationEntryPoint.setRealmName("realm");
        digestAuthenticationEntryPoint.setKey("tony");
        return digestAuthenticationEntryPoint;
    }

    @Bean
    public UserDetailsService userDetailsService() {
        InMemoryUserDetailsManager manager = new InMemoryUserDetailsManager();
        manager.createUser(User.withUsername("tony").password("123456").roles("admin").build());
        return manager;
    }

    @Bean
    public PasswordEncoder passwordEncoder() {
        return NoOpPasswordEncoder.getInstance();
    }

运行项目

访问主页，http://localhost:8080,返回如下页面：

我们输入用户名和密码登陆。

当长时间未登录，随机字符串到期了也登陆不上。
默认的过期时间为300s，我们可以通过设置时间。
DigestAuthenticationEntryPoint中realmName和key是必须要设置的。
相关源码：

public void afterPropertiesSet() {
        Assert.hasLength(this.realmName, "realmName must be specified");
        Assert.hasLength(this.key, "key must be specified");
    }
    
 public void commence(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, AuthenticationException authException) throws IOException {
 		//计算过期时间
        long expiryTime = System.currentTimeMillis() + (long)(this.nonceValiditySeconds * 1000);
        //计算签名值
        String signatureValue = DigestAuthUtils.md5Hex(expiryTime + ":" + this.key);
        //随机字符串
        String nonceValue = expiryTime + ":" + signatureValue;
        //随机字符串base64
        String nonceValueBase64 = new String(Base64.getEncoder().encode(nonceValue.getBytes()));
        String authenticateHeader = "Digest realm=\"" + this.realmName + "\", qop=\"auth\", nonce=\"" + nonceValueBase64 + "\"";
        if (authException instanceof NonceExpiredException) {
            authenticateHeader = authenticateHeader + ", stale=\"true\"";
        }

        logger.debug(LogMessage.format("WWW-Authenticate header sent to user agent: %s", authenticateHeader));
        response.addHeader("WWW-Authenticate", authenticateHeader);
        response.sendError(HttpStatus.UNAUTHORIZED.value(), HttpStatus.UNAUTHORIZED.getReasonPhrase());
    }

进行处理的时候使用DigestAuthenticationFilter进行处理

public void afterPropertiesSet() {
		//必须设置userDetailsService
        Assert.notNull(this.userDetailsService, "A UserDetailsService is required");
        //必须设置authenticationEntryPoint
        Assert.notNull(this.authenticationEntryPoint, "A DigestAuthenticationEntryPoint is required");
    }

private void doFilter(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, FilterChain chain) throws IOException, ServletException {
        String header = request.getHeader("Authorization");
        if (header != null && header.startsWith("Digest ")) {
            logger.debug(LogMessage.format("Digest Authorization header received from user agent: %s", header));
            DigestAuthenticationFilter.DigestData digestAuth = new DigestAuthenticationFilter.DigestData(header);

            try {
				//验证并且解密
                digestAuth.validateAndDecode(this.authenticationEntryPoint.getKey(), this.authenticationEntryPoint.getRealmName());
            } catch (BadCredentialsException var11) {
                this.fail(request, response, var11);
                return;
            }
            //缓存
            boolean cacheWasUsed = true;
            //缓存用户数据
            UserDetails user = this.userCache.getUserFromCache(digestAuth.getUsername());

            String serverDigestMd5;
            try {
                if (user == null) {
                    cacheWasUsed = false;
                    user = this.userDetailsService.loadUserByUsername(digestAuth.getUsername());
                    if (user == null) {
                        throw new AuthenticationServiceException("AuthenticationDao returned null, which is an interface contract violation");
                    }

                    this.userCache.putUserInCache(user);
                }
				//服务器md5摘要
                serverDigestMd5 = digestAuth.calculateServerDigest(user.getPassword(), request.getMethod());
                if (!serverDigestMd5.equals(digestAuth.getResponse()) && cacheWasUsed) {
                    logger.debug("Digest comparison failure; trying to refresh user from DAO in case password had changed");
                    user = this.userDetailsService.loadUserByUsername(digestAuth.getUsername());
                    this.userCache.putUserInCache(user);
                    serverDigestMd5 = digestAuth.calculateServerDigest(user.getPassword(), request.getMethod());
                }
            } catch (UsernameNotFoundException var12) {
                String message = this.messages.getMessage("DigestAuthenticationFilter.usernameNotFound", new Object[]{digestAuth.getUsername()}, "Username {0} not found");
                this.fail(request, response, new BadCredentialsException(message));
                return;
            }

            String message;
            if (!serverDigestMd5.equals(digestAuth.getResponse())) {
                logger.debug(LogMessage.format("Expected response: '%s' but received: '%s'; is AuthenticationDao returning clear text passwords?", serverDigestMd5, digestAuth.getResponse()));
                message = this.messages.getMessage("DigestAuthenticationFilter.incorrectResponse", "Incorrect response");
                this.fail(request, response, new BadCredentialsException(message));
            } else if (digestAuth.isNonceExpired()) {
                message = this.messages.getMessage("DigestAuthenticationFilter.nonceExpired", "Nonce has expired/timed out");
                this.fail(request, response, new NonceExpiredException(message));
            } else {
                logger.debug(LogMessage.format("Authentication success for user: '%s' with response: '%s'", digestAuth.getUsername(), digestAuth.getResponse()));
                Authentication authentication = this.createSuccessfulAuthentication(request, user);
                SecurityContext context = SecurityContextHolder.createEmptyContext();
                context.setAuthentication(authentication);
                SecurityContextHolder.setContext(context);
                chain.doFilter(request, response);
            }
        } else {
            chain.doFilter(request, response);
        }
    }

DigestData为摘要数据：

 private class DigestData {
//用户名
    private final String username;
    //认证域
    private final String realm;
    //随机字符串
    private final String nonce;
    private final String uri;
    private final String response;
    //保护级别
    private final String qop;
    //即nonce-count， 指请求的次数， 用于计数， 防止重放攻击
    private final String nc;
    private final String cnonce;
    private final String section212response;
    private long nonceExpiryTime;

    DigestData(String header) {
        this.section212response = header.substring(7);
        String[] headerEntries = DigestAuthUtils.splitIgnoringQuotes(this.section212response, ',');
        Map<String, String> headerMap = DigestAuthUtils.splitEachArrayElementAndCreateMap(headerEntries, "=", "\"");
        this.username = (String)headerMap.get("username");
        this.realm = (String)headerMap.get("realm");
        this.nonce = (String)headerMap.get("nonce");
        this.uri = (String)headerMap.get("uri");
        this.response = (String)headerMap.get("response");
        this.qop = (String)headerMap.get("qop");
        this.nc = (String)headerMap.get("nc");
        this.cnonce = (String)headerMap.get("cnonce");
        DigestAuthenticationFilter.logger.debug(LogMessage.format("Extracted username: '%s'; realm: '%s'; nonce: '%s'; uri: '%s'; response: '%s'", new Object[]{this.username, this.realm, this.nonce, this.uri, this.response}));
    }
   //验证和解密
    void validateAndDecode(String entryPointKey, String expectedRealm) throws BadCredentialsException {
        if (this.username != null && this.realm != null && this.nonce != null && this.uri != null && this.response != null) {
            if ("auth".equals(this.qop) && (this.nc == null || this.cnonce == null)) {
                DigestAuthenticationFilter.logger.debug(LogMessage.format("extracted nc: '%s'; cnonce: '%s'", this.nc, this.cnonce));
                throw new BadCredentialsException(DigestAuthenticationFilter.this.messages.getMessage("DigestAuthenticationFilter.missingAuth", new Object[]{this.section212response}, "Missing mandatory digest value; received header {0}"));
            } else if (!expectedRealm.equals(this.realm)) {
                throw new BadCredentialsException(DigestAuthenticationFilter.this.messages.getMessage("DigestAuthenticationFilter.incorrectRealm", new Object[]{this.realm, expectedRealm}, "Response realm name '{0}' does not match system realm name of '{1}'"));
            } else {
                byte[] nonceBytes;
                try {
                    nonceBytes = Base64.getDecoder().decode(this.nonce.getBytes());
                } catch (IllegalArgumentException var8) {
                    throw new BadCredentialsException(DigestAuthenticationFilter.this.messages.getMessage("DigestAuthenticationFilter.nonceEncoding", new Object[]{this.nonce}, "Nonce is not encoded in Base64; received nonce {0}"));
                }

                String nonceAsPlainText = new String(nonceBytes);
                String[] nonceTokens = StringUtils.delimitedListToStringArray(nonceAsPlainText, ":");
                if (nonceTokens.length != 2) {
                    throw new BadCredentialsException(DigestAuthenticationFilter.this.messages.getMessage("DigestAuthenticationFilter.nonceNotTwoTokens", new Object[]{nonceAsPlainText}, "Nonce should have yielded two tokens but was {0}"));
                } else {
                    try {
                        this.nonceExpiryTime = new Long(nonceTokens[0]);
                    } catch (NumberFormatException var7) {
                        throw new BadCredentialsException(DigestAuthenticationFilter.this.messages.getMessage("DigestAuthenticationFilter.nonceNotNumeric", new Object[]{nonceAsPlainText}, "Nonce token should have yielded a numeric first token, but was {0}"));
                    }

                    String expectedNonceSignature = DigestAuthUtils.md5Hex(this.nonceExpiryTime + ":" + entryPointKey);
                    if (!expectedNonceSignature.equals(nonceTokens[1])) {
                        throw new BadCredentialsException(DigestAuthenticationFilter.this.messages.getMessage("DigestAuthenticationFilter.nonceCompromised", new Object[]{nonceAsPlainText}, "Nonce token compromised {0}"));
                    }
                }
            }
        } else {
            throw new BadCredentialsException(DigestAuthenticationFilter.this.messages.getMessage("DigestAuthenticationFilter.missingMandatory", new Object[]{this.section212response}, "Missing mandatory digest value; received header {0}"));
        }
    }
//计算服务摘要
    String calculateServerDigest(String password, String httpMethod) {
    	//生产摘要
        return DigestAuthUtils.generateDigest(DigestAuthenticationFilter.this.passwordAlreadyEncoded, this.username, this.realm, password, httpMethod, this.uri, this.qop, this.nonce, this.nc, this.cnonce);
    }
//判断随机数是否到期
    boolean isNonceExpired() {
        long now = System.currentTimeMillis();
        return this.nonceExpiryTime < now;
    }

    String getUsername() {
        return this.username;
    }

    String getResponse() {
        return this.response;
    }
}

到此这篇关于Spring Security实现HTTP认证的文章就介绍到这了,更多相关Spring Security HTTP认证内容请搜索编程学习网以前的文章希望大家以后多多支持编程学习网！

本文标题为：Spring Security实现HTTP认证

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