Spring实例化bean的四种方式详解

这篇文章主要给大家介绍了关于Spring中实例化bean的四种方式:构造方法、静态工厂、实例工厂和FactoryBean,感兴趣的可以了解一下

一、bean实例化——构造方法(常用)

bean本质上就是对象,创建bean使用构造方法完成

BookDao接口:

public interface BookDao {
    public void save();
}

BookDaoImpl实现类,利用构造方式提供可访问的构造方法,输出相应字符串:

import com.itheima.dao.BookDao;
 
public class BookDaoImpl implements BookDao {
 
    public BookDaoImpl() {
        System.out.println("book dao constructor is running ....");
    }
 
    public void save() {
        System.out.println("book dao save ...");
    }
 
}

AppForinstanceBook:

import com.itheima.dao.BookDao;
import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;
 
public class AppForInstanceBook {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
 
        ApplicationContext ctx = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("applicationContext.xml");
 
        BookDao bookDao = (BookDao) ctx.getBean("bookDao");
 
        bookDao.save();
 
    }
}

applictionContext.xml配置:

<!--方式一:构造方法实例化bean-->
    <bean id="bookDao" class="com.itheima.dao.impl.BookDaoImpl"/>

执行结果:

 无参构造方法如果不存在,将抛出异常BeanCreationException

二、bean实例化——静态工厂(了解)

OrderDao接口:

public interface OrderDao {
    public void save();
}

OrderDaoImpl实现类:

import com.itheima.dao.OrderDao;
 
public class OrderDaoImpl implements OrderDao {
 
    public void save() {
        System.out.println("order dao save ...");
    }
}

OrderDaoFactory静态工厂创建对象:

import com.itheima.dao.OrderDao;
import com.itheima.dao.impl.OrderDaoImpl;
//静态工厂创建对象
public class OrderDaoFactory {
    public static OrderDao getOrderDao(){
        System.out.println("factory setup....");
        return new OrderDaoImpl();
    }
}

AppForinstanceOrder:

import com.itheima.dao.OrderDao;
import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;
 
public class AppForInstanceOrder {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
 
 
        ApplicationContext ctx = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("applicationContext.xml");
 
        OrderDao orderDao = (OrderDao) ctx.getBean("orderDao");
 
        orderDao.save();
 
    }
}

 applictionContext.xml配置:

  <!--方式二:使用静态工厂实例化bean-->
    <bean id="orderDao" class="com.itheima.factory.OrderDaoFactory" factory-method="getOrderDao"/>

执行结果:

这种方式是为了兼容早期的遗留系统使用,了解即可。

三、bean实例化——实例工厂(了解)

UserDao接口:

public interface UserDao {
    public void save();
}

UserDaoImpl实现类:

import com.itheima.dao.UserDao;
 
public class UserDaoImpl implements UserDao {
 
    public void save() {
        System.out.println("user dao save ...");
    }
}

UserDaoFactory实例工厂创建对象:

import com.itheima.dao.UserDao;
import com.itheima.dao.impl.UserDaoImpl;
//实例工厂创建对象
public class UserDaoFactory {
    public UserDao getUserDao(){
        return new UserDaoImpl();
    }
}

AppForInstanceUser:

import com.itheima.dao.UserDao;
import com.itheima.factory.UserDaoFactory;
import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;
 
public class AppForInstanceUser {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        //创建实例工厂对象
        UserDaoFactory userDaoFactory = new UserDaoFactory();
        //通过实例工厂对象创建对象
        UserDao userDao = userDaoFactory.getUserDao();
        userDao.save();
 
    }
}

因为不是静态方法,必须用工厂对象对象调用。

也可用Spring方法,不过要在xml文件中进行修改。

AppForInstanceUser:

import com.itheima.dao.UserDao;
import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;
 
public class AppForInstanceUser {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
 
        ApplicationContext ctx = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("applicationContext.xml");
 
        UserDao userDao = (UserDao) ctx.getBean("userDao");
 
        userDao.save();
 
    }
}

applictionContext.xml配置:

userFactory配合使用的,实际无意义

factory-method方法名不固定,每次都需要配置

<!--方式三:使用实例工厂实例化bean-->
   <bean id="userFactory" class="com.itheima.factory.UserDaoFactory"/>
    
    <bean id="userDao" factory-method="getUserDao" factory-bean="userFactory"/>

执行结果:

四、bean实例化——FactoryBean(实用)

UserDao接口和UserDaoImpl实现类和实例化三一样。

UserDaoFactoryBean,代替了原始实例化工厂中创建对象的方法:

import com.itheima.dao.UserDao;
import com.itheima.dao.impl.UserDaoImpl;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.FactoryBean;
//FactoryBean创建对象
public class UserDaoFactoryBean implements FactoryBean<UserDao> {
    //代替原始实例工厂中创建对象的方法
    public UserDao getObject() throws Exception {
        return new UserDaoImpl();
    }
 
    public Class<?> getObjectType() {
        return UserDao.class;
    }
}

AppForInstanceUser:

import com.itheima.dao.UserDao;
import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;
 
public class AppForInstanceUser {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
 
        ApplicationContext ctx = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("applicationContext.xml");
 
        UserDao userDao = (UserDao) ctx.getBean("userDao");
 
        userDao.save();
 
    }
}

applictionContext.xml配置:

    <!--方式四:使用FactoryBean实例化bean-->
    <bean id="userDao" class="com.itheima.factory.UserDaoFactoryBean"/>

执行结果:

对象默认单例,需要改非单例时

在UserDaoFactoryBean重写isSingleton方法,true为单例模式,false为非单例模式

通常为单例,这个方法通常不写

    public boolean isSingleton() {
        return true;
    }

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