Servlet映射路径匹配解析详解-Java开发

servlet是javaweb用来处理请求和响应的重要对象，本文将从源码的角度分析tomcat内部是如何根据请求路径匹配得到处理请求的servlet的，感兴趣的可以了解一下

开头

servlet是javaweb用来处理请求和响应的重要对象，本文将从源码的角度分析tomcat内部是如何根据请求路径匹配得到处理请求的servlet的

假设有一个request请求路径为/text/servlet/get，并且在web.xml中配置了4个servlet，代码如下,那么该请求调用的是哪一个servlet呢？

<servlet>
    <servlet-name>servlet01</servlet-name>
    <servlet-class>com.monian.study.servlet.Servlet01</servlet-class>
  </servlet>
  <servlet-mapping>
    <servlet-name>servlet01</servlet-name>
    <url-pattern>/test/servlet/get</url-pattern>
  </servlet-mapping>

  <servlet>
    <servlet-name>servlet02</servlet-name>
    <servlet-class>com.monian.study.servlet.Servlet02</servlet-class>
  </servlet>
  <servlet-mapping>
    <servlet-name>servlet02</servlet-name>
    <url-pattern>/test/servlet/*</url-pattern>
  </servlet-mapping>

  <servlet>
    <servlet-name>servlet03</servlet-name>
    <servlet-class>com.monian.study.servlet.Servlet03</servlet-class>
  </servlet>
  <servlet-mapping>
    <servlet-name>servlet03</servlet-name>
    <url-pattern>/test/*</url-pattern>
  </servlet-mapping>

  <servlet>
    <servlet-name>servlet04</servlet-name>
    <servlet-class>com.monian.study.servlet.Servlet04</servlet-class>
  </servlet>
  <servlet-mapping>
    <servlet-name>servlet04</servlet-name>
    <url-pattern>/</url-pattern>
  </servlet-mapping>
  
  
    <servlet>
    <servlet-name>servlet05</servlet-name>
    <servlet-class>com.monian.study.servlet.Servlet05</servlet-class>
  </servlet>
  <servlet-mapping>
    <servlet-name>servlet05</servlet-name>
    <url-pattern>*.do</url-pattern>
  </servlet-mapping>

相应各个servlet的代码，代码很简单，调用哪一个servlet就输出哪个servlet的名称：

servlet代码

public class Servlet01 extends HttpServlet {

  @Override
  protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
    resp.getWriter().write("Servlet01");
  }
}


public class Servlet02 extends HttpServlet {

  @Override
  protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
    resp.getWriter().write("Servlet02");
  }
}

public class Servlet03 extends HttpServlet {

  @Override
  protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
    resp.getWriter().write("Servlet03");
  }
}

public class Servlet04 extends HttpServlet {

  @Override
  protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
    resp.getWriter().write("Servlet04");
  }
}

public class Servlet05 extends HttpServlet {

  @Override
  protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
    resp.getWriter().write("Servlet05");
  }

}

源码

org.apache.catalina.mapper.Mapper#internalMapWrapper

// 在本例子中 path = '/zxq/test/servlet/get',用offset和end来控制路径部分长度
// contextPath = '/zxq'
private final void internalMapWrapper(ContextVersion contextVersion,
    CharChunk path,
    MappingData mappingData) throws IOException {

  int pathOffset = path.getOffset();
  int pathEnd = path.getEnd();
  boolean noServletPath = false;
  
  // contextVersion.path = '/zxq'
  int length = contextVersion.path.length();
  if (length == (pathEnd - pathOffset)) {
    noServletPath = true;
  }
  int servletPath = pathOffset + length;
  // path = '/text/servlet/get'
  path.setOffset(servletPath);

  // 规则1：先开始精确匹配
  MappedWrapper[] exactWrappers = contextVersion.exactWrappers;
  internalMapExactWrapper(exactWrappers, path, mappingData);

  // 规则2：前缀匹配，也就是路径匹配
  boolean checkJspWelcomeFiles = false;
  MappedWrapper[] wildcardWrappers = contextVersion.wildcardWrappers;
  if (mappingData.wrapper == null) {
    internalMapWildcardWrapper(wildcardWrappers, contextVersion.nesting,
        path, mappingData);
    if (mappingData.wrapper != null && mappingData.jspWildCard) {
      char[] buf = path.getBuffer();
      if (buf[pathEnd - 1] == '/') {
        /*
         * Path ending in '/' was mapped to JSP servlet based on
         * wildcard match (e.g., as specified in url-pattern of a
         * jsp-property-group.
         * Force the context's welcome files, which are interpreted
         * as JSP files (since they match the url-pattern), to be
         * considered. See Bugzilla 27664.
         */
        mappingData.wrapper = null;
        checkJspWelcomeFiles = true;
      } else {
        // See Bugzilla 27704
        mappingData.wrapperPath.setChars(buf, path.getStart(),
            path.getLength());
        mappingData.pathInfo.recycle();
      }
    }
  }

  if(mappingData.wrapper == null && noServletPath &&
      contextVersion.object.getMapperContextRootRedirectEnabled()) {
    // The path is empty, redirect to "/"
    path.append('/');
    pathEnd = path.getEnd();
    mappingData.redirectPath.setChars
        (path.getBuffer(), pathOffset, pathEnd - pathOffset);
    path.setEnd(pathEnd - 1);
    return;
  }

  // Rule 3 -- Extension Match
  MappedWrapper[] extensionWrappers = contextVersion.extensionWrappers;
  if (mappingData.wrapper == null && !checkJspWelcomeFiles) {
    internalMapExtensionWrapper(extensionWrappers, path, mappingData,
        true);
  }

  // Rule 4 -- Welcome resources processing for servlets
  if (mappingData.wrapper == null) {
    boolean checkWelcomeFiles = checkJspWelcomeFiles;
    if (!checkWelcomeFiles) {
      char[] buf = path.getBuffer();
      checkWelcomeFiles = (buf[pathEnd - 1] == '/');
    }
    if (checkWelcomeFiles) {
      for (int i = 0; (i < contextVersion.welcomeResources.length)
          && (mappingData.wrapper == null); i++) {
        path.setOffset(pathOffset);
        path.setEnd(pathEnd);
        path.append(contextVersion.welcomeResources[i], 0,
            contextVersion.welcomeResources[i].length());
        path.setOffset(servletPath);

        // Rule 4a -- Welcome resources processing for exact macth
        internalMapExactWrapper(exactWrappers, path, mappingData);

        // Rule 4b -- Welcome resources processing for prefix match
        if (mappingData.wrapper == null) {
          internalMapWildcardWrapper
              (wildcardWrappers, contextVersion.nesting,
                  path, mappingData);
        }

        // Rule 4c -- Welcome resources processing
        //            for physical folder
        if (mappingData.wrapper == null
            && contextVersion.resources != null) {
          String pathStr = path.toString();
          WebResource file =
              contextVersion.resources.getResource(pathStr);
          if (file != null && file.isFile()) {
            internalMapExtensionWrapper(extensionWrappers, path,
                mappingData, true);
            if (mappingData.wrapper == null
                && contextVersion.defaultWrapper != null) {
              mappingData.wrapper =
                  contextVersion.defaultWrapper.object;
              mappingData.requestPath.setChars
                  (path.getBuffer(), path.getStart(),
                      path.getLength());
              mappingData.wrapperPath.setChars
                  (path.getBuffer(), path.getStart(),
                      path.getLength());
              mappingData.requestPath.setString(pathStr);
              mappingData.wrapperPath.setString(pathStr);
            }
          }
        }
      }

      path.setOffset(servletPath);
      path.setEnd(pathEnd);
    }

  }

  /* welcome file processing - take 2
   * Now that we have looked for welcome files with a physical
   * backing, now look for an extension mapping listed
   * but may not have a physical backing to it. This is for
   * the case of index.jsf, index.do, etc.
   * A watered down version of rule 4
   */
  if (mappingData.wrapper == null) {
    boolean checkWelcomeFiles = checkJspWelcomeFiles;
    if (!checkWelcomeFiles) {
      char[] buf = path.getBuffer();
      checkWelcomeFiles = (buf[pathEnd - 1] == '/');
    }
    if (checkWelcomeFiles) {
      for (int i = 0; (i < contextVersion.welcomeResources.length)
          && (mappingData.wrapper == null); i++) {
        path.setOffset(pathOffset);
        path.setEnd(pathEnd);
        path.append(contextVersion.welcomeResources[i], 0,
            contextVersion.welcomeResources[i].length());
        path.setOffset(servletPath);
        internalMapExtensionWrapper(extensionWrappers, path,
            mappingData, false);
      }

      path.setOffset(servletPath);
      path.setEnd(pathEnd);
    }
  }


  // Rule 7 -- Default servlet
  if (mappingData.wrapper == null && !checkJspWelcomeFiles) {
    if (contextVersion.defaultWrapper != null) {
      mappingData.wrapper = contextVersion.defaultWrapper.object;
      mappingData.requestPath.setChars
          (path.getBuffer(), path.getStart(), path.getLength());
      mappingData.wrapperPath.setChars
          (path.getBuffer(), path.getStart(), path.getLength());
      mappingData.matchType = MappingMatch.DEFAULT;
    }
    // Redirection to a folder
    char[] buf = path.getBuffer();
    if (contextVersion.resources != null && buf[pathEnd -1 ] != '/') {
      String pathStr = path.toString();
      // Note: Check redirect first to save unnecessary getResource()
      //       call. See BZ 62968.
      if (contextVersion.object.getMapperDirectoryRedirectEnabled()) {
        WebResource file;
        // Handle context root
        if (pathStr.length() == 0) {
          file = contextVersion.resources.getResource("/");
        } else {
          file = contextVersion.resources.getResource(pathStr);
        }
        if (file != null && file.isDirectory()) {
          // Note: this mutates the path: do not do any processing
          // after this (since we set the redirectPath, there
          // shouldn't be any)
          path.setOffset(pathOffset);
          path.append('/');
          mappingData.redirectPath.setChars
              (path.getBuffer(), path.getStart(), path.getLength());
        } else {
          mappingData.requestPath.setString(pathStr);
          mappingData.wrapperPath.setString(pathStr);
        }
      } else {
        mappingData.requestPath.setString(pathStr);
        mappingData.wrapperPath.setString(pathStr);
      }
    }
  }

  path.setOffset(pathOffset);
  path.setEnd(pathEnd);
}

匹配路径代码

org.apache.catalina.mapper.Mapper#find(org.apache.catalina.mapper.Mapper.MapElement[], org.apache.tomcat.util.buf.CharChunk, int, int)

// 从map找到一个最与路径匹配的
private static final <T> int find(MapElement<T>[] map, CharChunk name,
    int start, int end) {

  int a = 0;
  int b = map.length - 1;

  // Special cases: -1 and 0
  if (b == -1) {
    return -1;
  }

  
  // -1表示完全不匹配，直接返回 
  if (compare(name, start, end, map[0].name) < 0 ) {
    return -1;
  }
  // 完全匹配或部分匹配，且只有一个待匹配的servlet直接返回
  if (b == 0) {
    return 0;
  }

  // 类似于二分查找，找到一个最长路径匹配 
  int i = 0;
  while (true) {
    i = (b + a) >>> 1;
    int result = compare(name, start, end, map[i].name);
    if (result == 1) {
      a = i;
    } else if (result == 0) {
      return i;
    } else {
      b = i;
    }
    if ((b - a) == 1) {
      int result2 = compare(name, start, end, map[b].name);
      if (result2 < 0) {
        return a;
      } else {
        return b;
      }
    }
  }

}



private static final int compare(CharChunk name, int start, int end,
    String compareTo) {
  int result = 0;
  char[] c = name.getBuffer();
  int len = compareTo.length();
  if ((end - start) < len) {
    len = end - start;
  }
  // 比较url-pattern与 请求路径path，若有一个字符不相等退出循环 
  for (int i = 0; (i < len) && (result == 0); i++) {
    if (c[i + start] > compareTo.charAt(i)) {
      result = 1;
    } else if (c[i + start] < compareTo.charAt(i)) {
      result = -1;
    }
  }
    
  // 都相等的话再比较长度，请求路径长度比待匹配部分长
  if (result == 0) {
    if (compareTo.length() > (end - start)) {
      result = -1;
    } else if (compareTo.length() < (end - start)) {
      result = 1;
    }
  }
  // result=0代表完全匹配， result=-1代表不匹配，result=1代表开头部分匹配 
  return result;
}

针对上述的匹配举个例子，假设有两个servlet都是通配符匹配的，url-pattern为 /test/one/* 和/test/* ,tomcat解析的时候会去掉通配符再排序['/test', 'test/one']，之后再去匹配数据中的元素也就是map[i].name,匹配路径 '/test/one/two'会返回url-parttern=/test/one/* 的这个servlet，这就是最长路径匹配

精确匹配

可以看到符合精确匹配的只有servlet01，且name就是它配置的url-pattern值，然后与requestPath进行匹配

private final void internalMapExactWrapper
    (MappedWrapper[] wrappers, CharChunk path, MappingData mappingData) {
  // 找到一个与path精确匹配的wrapper
  MappedWrapper wrapper = exactFind(wrappers, path);
  if (wrapper != null) {
    mappingData.requestPath.setString(wrapper.name);
    mappingData.wrapper = wrapper.object;
    if (path.equals("/")) {
      // Special handling for Context Root mapped servlet
      mappingData.pathInfo.setString("/");
      mappingData.wrapperPath.setString("");
      // This seems wrong but it is what the spec says...
      mappingData.contextPath.setString("");
      mappingData.matchType = MappingMatch.CONTEXT_ROOT;
    } else {
      mappingData.wrapperPath.setString(wrapper.name);
      mappingData.matchType = MappingMatch.EXACT;
    }
  }
}


private static final <T, E extends MapElement<T>> E exactFind(E[] map,
    CharChunk name) {
  // find方法会返回部分匹配或完全匹配的map
  int pos = find(map, name);
  if (pos >= 0) {
    E result = map[pos];
    // 完全匹配
    if (name.equals(result.name)) {
      return result;
    }
  }
  return null;
}

显而易见的开头那个request与servlet01的url-pattern是精确匹配的

通配符匹配（路径匹配）

接下来web.xml去掉servlet01的配置，只剩下4个servlet，从前面来看，精确匹配肯定是失败的因为现在去掉servlet01已经没有符合要求的servlet去精确匹配了，只能进行路径匹配了，而路径匹配符合要求的有两个servlet

/**
 * Wildcard mapping.
 */
private final void internalMapWildcardWrapper
(MappedWrapper[] wrappers, int nesting, CharChunk path,
    MappingData mappingData) {

  int pathEnd = path.getEnd();

  int lastSlash = -1;
  int length = -1;
  // 找一个最匹配path路径的，根据上面的匹配代码可以得到servlet02
  int pos = find(wrappers, path);
  if (pos != -1) {
    boolean found = false;
    while (pos >= 0) {
      if (path.startsWith(wrappers[pos].name)) {
        length = wrappers[pos].name.length();
        if (path.getLength() == length) {
          found = true;
          break;
        // path不以/开头，则重新找 
        } else if (path.startsWithIgnoreCase("/", length)) {
          found = true;
          break;
        }
      }
      // 获取path最后一个/ 所在的位置
      if (lastSlash == -1) {
        lastSlash = nthSlash(path, nesting + 1);
      } else {
        lastSlash = lastSlash(path);
      }
      path.setEnd(lastSlash);
      pos = find(wrappers, path);
    }
    path.setEnd(pathEnd);
    if (found) {
      mappingData.wrapperPath.setString(wrappers[pos].name);
      if (path.getLength() > length) {
        mappingData.pathInfo.setChars
            (path.getBuffer(),
                path.getOffset() + length,
                path.getLength() - length);
      }
      mappingData.requestPath.setChars
          (path.getBuffer(), path.getOffset(), path.getLength());
      mappingData.wrapper = wrappers[pos].object;
      mappingData.jspWildCard = wrappers[pos].jspWildCard;
      mappingData.matchType = MappingMatch.PATH;
    }
  }
}

因此servlet02是匹配的，输出

若再web.xml去掉servlet02，那么匹配的就是servlet03了

另外我们可以从上面的代码得到若请求路径path = '/test/servlet/get', 则 '/*' 、 '/test/*' 、 '/test/servlet/*' 、 '/test/servlet/get/*' 与之匹配，'/test/serv/*' 这种不匹配

路径匹配是能匹配请求路径以 .jsp 、.html结尾的request的

扩展名匹配（后缀匹配）

web.xml中注释servlet02和servlet03后，再次访问.jsp后缀结尾的请求就会直接报404了，可以看后续的匹配逻辑虽然能匹配到处理.jsp的servlet但我们并没有在相应路径下配置jsp文件，那么自然报404错误了

下图可以看到后缀匹配的servlet有三个，一个我们自定义的后缀为do，另外两个jsp和jspx是tomcat内置的默认处理jsp的servlet

/**
 * Extension mappings.
 *
 * @param wrappers          Set of wrappers to check for matches
 * @param path              Path to map
 * @param mappingData       Mapping data for result
 * @param resourceExpected  Is this mapping expecting to find a resource
 */
private final void internalMapExtensionWrapper(MappedWrapper[] wrappers,
    CharChunk path, MappingData mappingData, boolean resourceExpected) {
  char[] buf = path.getBuffer();
  int pathEnd = path.getEnd();
  int servletPath = path.getOffset();
  int slash = -1;
  for (int i = pathEnd - 1; i >= servletPath; i--) {
    if (buf[i] == '/') {
      slash = i;
      break;
    }
  }
  if (slash >= 0) {
    int period = -1;
    for (int i = pathEnd - 1; i > slash; i--) {
      if (buf[i] == '.') {
        period = i;
        break;
      }
    }
    if (period >= 0) {
      // 截取到后缀的字符位置 匹配
      path.setOffset(period + 1);
      path.setEnd(pathEnd);
      MappedWrapper wrapper = exactFind(wrappers, path);
      if (wrapper != null
          && (resourceExpected || !wrapper.resourceOnly)) {
        mappingData.wrapperPath.setChars(buf, servletPath, pathEnd
            - servletPath);
        mappingData.requestPath.setChars(buf, servletPath, pathEnd
            - servletPath);
        mappingData.wrapper = wrapper.object;
        mappingData.matchType = MappingMatch.EXTENSION;
      }
      path.setOffset(servletPath);
      path.setEnd(pathEnd);
    }
  }
}

根据find的匹配逻辑可以匹配到我们自定义的servlet05，输出

首页welcome资源匹配

若上述匹配都失败了则尝试寻找默认的资源文件，默认有三个，也可以自定义配置

假设请求路径为http://localhost:8082/zxq/ 以'/'结尾，那么会尝试将文件名加到path后面，以index.jsp为例，加完后路径为'/zxq/index.jsp'，之后会以此新路径再去尝试精确匹配、路径匹配、物理文件查找再进行扩展名匹配顺序查找，直到找到能处理此path的servlet

在webapp目录下加一个index.jsp文件之后能成功访问到，执行此请求的就是tomcat默认的jsp servlet