什么是 XHTML 角色属性?你用它来做什么?

What is XHTML role attribute? What do you use it for?(什么是 XHTML 角色属性?你用它来做什么?)

问题描述

我已阅读 W3C 的页面，但对我来说仍然很模糊.role 属性的目的是为了阐明代码吗?还是会被某些浏览器或蜘蛛解释?

I have read W3C's page on this, but it is still vague to me. Is the role attribute's purpose to clarify the code? Or will it be interpreted by some browsers or spiders?

是否可以使用某些 JavaScript 库将其用作 DOM 选择器(我认为由于 id 属性必须是唯一的，这可以用于识别页面上的多个资源)?

Can it be used as a DOM selector using some JavaScript libraries (I am thinking so since the id attribute has to be unique, this could be used to identify multiple resources on a page)?

推荐答案

简短版:

角色属性可能会为未来的浏览器提供一种以独立于设备的方式智能处理某些 XML 元素的方法.例如，在桌面和手持环境中的浏览器上都可以对标有导航"角色属性的无序列表进行智能解释，使其在两种环境中都能清晰显示.

The Role Attribute may give future browsers a way to work intelligently with certain XML elements in a device-independent way. For example, an unordered list that is marked with the role attribute of "navigation" can be interpreted intelligently on browsers in both desktop and handheld environments, allowing it to be displayed clearly in both environments.

加长版:

本规范中定义的 XHTML 角色属性允许作者使用机器可提取的有关元素用途的语义信息来注释 XML 语言.用例包括可访问性、设备适配、服务器端处理和复杂数据描述.

The XHTML Role Attribute defined in this specification allows the author to annotate XML Languages with machine-extractable semantic information about the purpose of an element. Use cases include accessibility, device adaptation, server-side processing, and complex data description.

该属性描述了当前元素在文档上下文中所扮演的角色.例如，应用程序和辅助技术可以使用它来确定元素的用途.这可以允许用户做出明智的决定，决定可以对元素采取哪些操作，并以设备独立方式激活所选操作.它还可以用作以领域特定方式(例如，法律术语分类法)注释文档部分的机制.

The attribute describes the role(s) the current element plays in the context of the document. This can be used, for example, by applications and assistive technologies to determine the purpose of an element. This could allow a user to make informed decisions on which actions may be taken on an element and activate the selected action in a device independent way. It could also be used as a mechanism for annotating portions of a document in a domain specific way (e.g., a legal term taxonomy).

例子:

<ul role="navigation sitemap">
    <li href="downloads">Downloads</li>
    <li href="docs">Documentation</li>
    <li href="news">News</li>
</ul>

鉴于 XHTML2 工作组将在今年年底不复存在，因此该规范不可能以类似于其当前形式的任何形式达到发布状态.http://www.w3.org/News/2009#entry-6601

Given that the XHTML2 Working Group will cease to exist at the end of this year, there's no chance of this specification ever reaching release status in anything resembling its current form. http://www.w3.org/News/2009#entry-6601

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