如何用C#实现压缩文件

话说当今压缩市场三足鼎立,能叫上名号的有zip、rar、7z。其中zip是压缩界的鼻祖,在各大平台上的流行度最广,rar是商业软件,压缩率和效率都是很高的。7z是开源的,属于后起之秀。这篇文章介绍了如何使用ICSharpCode组件,在windows平台下zip的压

一、单文件压缩

场景,文件可能比较大,需要压缩传输,比如上传和下载


/// <summary>
/// 单文件压缩
/// </summary>
/// <param name="sourceFile">源文件</param>
/// <param name="zipedFile">zip压缩文件</param>
/// <param name="blockSize">缓冲区大小</param>
/// <param name="compressionLevel">压缩级别</param>
public static void ZipFile(string sourceFile, string zipedFile, int blockSize = 1024, int compressionLevel = 6)
{
    if (!File.Exists(sourceFile))
    {
        throw new System.IO.FileNotFoundException("The specified file " + sourceFile + " could not be found.");
    }
    var fileName = System.IO.Path.GetFileNameWithoutExtension(sourceFile);

    FileStream streamToZip = new FileStream(sourceFile, FileMode.Open, FileAccess.Read);
    FileStream zipFile = File.Create(zipedFile);
    ZipOutputStream zipStream = new ZipOutputStream(zipFile);

    ZipEntry zipEntry = new ZipEntry(fileName);
    zipStream.PutNextEntry(zipEntry);

    //存储、最快、较快、标准、较好、最好  0-9
    zipStream.SetLevel(compressionLevel);

    byte[] buffer = new byte[blockSize];

    int size = streamToZip.Read(buffer, 0, buffer.Length);
    zipStream.Write(buffer, 0, size);
    try
    {
        while (size < streamToZip.Length)
        {
            int sizeRead = streamToZip.Read(buffer, 0, buffer.Length);
            zipStream.Write(buffer, 0, sizeRead);
            size += sizeRead;
        }
    }
    catch (Exception ex)
    {
        throw ex;
    }
    zipStream.Finish();
    zipStream.Close();
    streamToZip.Close();
}

说明:26行,blocksize为缓存区大小,不能设置太大,如果太大也会报异常。26-38行,把文件通过FileStream流,读取到缓冲区中,再写入到ZipOutputStream流。你可以想象,两个管道,一个读,另一个写,中间是缓冲区,它们的工作方式是同步的方式。想一下,能不能以异步的方式工作,读的管道只管读,写的管道只管写?如果是这样一个场景,读的特别快,写的比较慢,比如,不是本地写,而是要经过网络传输,就可以考虑异步的方式。怎么做,读者可以自行改造。关键一点,流是有顺序的,所以要保证顺序的正确性即可。

二、多文件压缩

这种场景也是比较多见,和单文件压缩类似,无非就是多循环几次。


/// <summary>
/// 多文件压缩
/// </summary>
/// <param name="zipfile">zip压缩文件</param>
/// <param name="filenames">源文件集合</param>
/// <param name="password">压缩加密</param>
public void ZipFiles(string zipfile, string[] filenames, string password = "")
{
    ZipOutputStream s = new ZipOutputStream(System.IO.File.Create(zipfile));

    s.SetLevel(6);

    if (password != "")
        s.Password = Md5Help.Encrypt(password);

    foreach (string file in filenames)
    {
        //打开压缩文件
        FileStream fs = File.OpenRead(file);

        byte[] buffer = new byte[fs.Length];
        fs.Read(buffer, 0, buffer.Length);

        var name = Path.GetFileName(file);

        ZipEntry entry = new ZipEntry(name);
        entry.DateTime = DateTime.Now;
        entry.Size = fs.Length;
        fs.Close();
        s.PutNextEntry(entry);
        s.Write(buffer, 0, buffer.Length);
    }
    s.Finish();
    s.Close();
}

说明:21行,缓冲区大小直接为文件大小,所以一次读完,没有循环读写。这种情况下,单个文件不能太大,比如超过1G。14行,可以为压缩包设置密码,MD5的生成方法如下:


public class Md5Help
{
    /// <summary>
    ///32位 MD5加密
    /// </summary>
    /// <param name="str">加密字符</param>
    /// <returns></returns>
    public static string Encrypt(string str)
    {
        MD5 md5 = new MD5CryptoServiceProvider();

        byte[] encryptdata = md5.ComputeHash(Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(str));

        return Convert.ToBase64String(encryptdata);
    }
}

三、多文件异步压缩

上面同步的压缩的前提是,假设文件不大,而且文件数不多,但是现实是,不光文件大,而且文件数比较多。这种情况,就要考虑异步方法了。否则会阻塞主线程,就是我们平常说的卡死


/// <summary>
/// 异步压缩文件为zip压缩包
/// </summary>
/// <param name="zipfile">压缩包存储路径</param>
/// <param name="filenames">文件集合</param>
public static async void ZipFilesAsync(string zipfile, string[] filenames)
{
    await Task.Run(() =>
    {
        ZipOutputStream s = null;
        try
        {
            s = new ZipOutputStream(System.IO.File.Create(zipfile));

            s.SetLevel(6); // 0 - store only to 9 - means best compression 

            foreach (string file in filenames)
            {
                //打开压缩文件 
                FileStream fs = System.IO.File.OpenRead(file);

                var name = Path.GetFileName(file);
                ZipEntry entry = new ZipEntry(name);
                entry.DateTime = DateTime.Now;
                entry.Size = fs.Length;
                s.PutNextEntry(entry);

                //如果文件大于1G
                long blockSize = 51200;

                var size = (int)fs.Length;

                var oneG = 1024 * 1024 * 1024;

                if (size > oneG)
                {
                    blockSize = oneG;
                }
                byte[] buffer = new byte[blockSize];

                size = fs.Read(buffer, 0, buffer.Length);

                s.Write(buffer, 0, size);

                while (size < fs.Length)
                {
                    int sizeRead = fs.Read(buffer, 0, buffer.Length);
                    s.Write(buffer, 0, sizeRead);
                    size += sizeRead;
                }
                s.Flush();
                fs.Close();
            }

        }
        catch (Exception ex)
        {
            Console.WriteLine("异步压缩文件出错:" + ex.Message);
        }
        finally
        {
            s?.Finish();
            s?.Close();
        }
    });
}

四、压缩文件夹

实际的应用当中,是文件和文件夹一起压缩,所以这种情况,就干脆把要压缩的东西全部放到一个文件夹,然后进行压缩。

主方法如下:


/// <summary>
/// 异步压缩文件夹为zip压缩包
/// </summary>
/// <param name="zipfile">压缩包存储路径</param>
/// <param name="sourceFolder">压缩包存储路径</param>
/// <param name="filenames">文件集合</param>
public static async void ZipFolderAsync(string zipfile, string sourceFolder, string[] filenames)
{
    await Task.Run(() =>
    {
        ZipOutputStream s = null;
        try
        {
            s = new ZipOutputStream(System.IO.File.Create(zipfile));

            s.SetLevel(6); // 0 - store only to 9 - means best compression 

            CompressFolder(sourceFolder, s, sourceFolder);
        }
        catch (Exception ex)
        {
            Console.WriteLine("异步压缩文件出错:" + ex.Message);
        }
        finally
        {
            s?.Finish();
            s?.Close();
        }
    });
}

压缩的核心方法:


/// <summary>
/// 压缩文件夹
/// </summary>
/// <param name="source">源目录</param>
/// <param name="s">ZipOutputStream对象</param>
/// <param name="parentPath">和source相同</param>
public static void CompressFolder(string source, ZipOutputStream s, string parentPath)
{
    string[] filenames = Directory.GetFileSystemEntries(source);
    foreach (string file in filenames)
    {
        if (Directory.Exists(file))
        {
            CompressFolder(file, s, parentPath);  //递归压缩子文件夹
        }
        else
        {
            using (FileStream fs = System.IO.File.OpenRead(file))
            {
                var writeFilePath = file.Replace(parentPath, "");
                ZipEntry entry = new ZipEntry(writeFilePath);
                entry.DateTime = DateTime.Now;
                entry.Size = fs.Length;

                s.PutNextEntry(entry);

                //如果文件大于1G
                long blockSize = 51200;

                var size = (int)fs.Length;

                var oneG = 1024 * 1024 * 1024;

                if (size > oneG)
                {
                    blockSize = oneG;
                }
                byte[] buffer = new byte[blockSize];

                size = fs.Read(buffer, 0, buffer.Length);

                s.Write(buffer, 0, size);


                while (size < fs.Length)
                {
                    int sizeRead = fs.Read(buffer, 0, buffer.Length);
                    s.Write(buffer, 0, sizeRead);
                    size += sizeRead;
                }

                s.Flush();   //清除流的缓冲区,使得所有缓冲数据都写入到文件中
                fs.Close();
            }
        }
    }
}

唯一需要注意的地方,可能解压出来的目录结构和压缩前的文件目录不同,这时候检查parentPath参数,它在ZipEntry实体new的时候用,替换绝对路径为当前的相对路径,也就是相对压缩文件夹的路径。

上面的方法比较复杂,还有一种相对简单的方式,直接调用api:


public static string ZipFolder(string sourceFolder, string zipFile)
{
    string result = "";
    try
    {
        //创建压缩包
        if (!Directory.Exists(sourceFolder)) return result = "压缩文件夹不存在";

        DirectoryInfo d = new DirectoryInfo(sourceFolder);
        var files = d.GetFiles();
        if (files.Length == 0)
        {
            //找子目录
            var ds = d.GetDirectories();
            if (ds.Length > 0)
            {
                files = ds[0].GetFiles();
            }
        }
        if (files.Length == 0) return result = "待压缩文件为空";
        System.IO.Compression.ZipFile.CreateFromDirectory(sourceFolder, zipFile);
    }
    catch (Exception ex)
    {
        result += "压缩出错:" + ex.Message;
    }
    return result;
}

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