Spring Data JPA系列QueryByExampleExecutor使用详解

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1、QueryByExampleExecutor用法

在前面章节中,我们介绍了DMQ 和 @Query两种查询方法,除此之外,还有QueryByExampleExecutor查询方法。

1.1 介绍

QueryByExampleExecutor是一种用户友好的查询技术,具有简单的接口,它允许动态创建,并且不需要填写包含字段名称的查询。

1.2 QueryByExampleExecutor接口

public interface QueryByExampleExecutor<T> {
   // 根据实体查询条件、查找一个对象
   <S extends T> Optional<S> findOne(Example<S> example);
   // 根据实体查询条件、查询一批对象
   <S extends T> Iterable<S> findAll(Example<S> example);
   // 根据实体查询条件并排序、查询一批对象
   <S extends T> Iterable<S> findAll(Example<S> example, Sort sort);
   // 根据实体查询条件并分页,查询一批对象
   <S extends T> Page<S> findAll(Example<S> example, Pageable pageable);
   // 根据实体查询条件、查询符合条件的对象个数
   <S extends T> long count(Example<S> example);
   // 根据实体查询条件、判断是否有符合条件的对象
   <S extends T> boolean exists(Example<S> example);
   // 根据实体查询条件、判断是否有符合条件的对象
   <S extends T, R> R findBy(Example<S> example, Function<FluentQuery.FetchableFluentQuery<S>, R> queryFunction);
}

1.3 QueryByExampleExecutor实践

第一步 :创建User实体和UserAddress实体

// User表
@Data
@Entity
@NoArgsConstructor
@AllArgsConstructor
@Builder
@ToString(exclude = "address")
public class User {
    @Id
    @GeneratedValue(strategy = GenerationType.AUTO)
    private Integer id;
    private String name;
    private String email;
    private Integer age;
    private LocalDateTime createTime;
    private LocalDateTime updateTime;
    @OneToMany(mappedBy = "user",fetch = FetchType.LAZY)
    private List<UserAddress> address;
}
// Address表
@Entity
@Data
@Builder
@AllArgsConstructor
@NoArgsConstructor
@ToString(exclude = "user")
public class UserAddress {
    @Id
    @GeneratedValue(strategy = GenerationType.AUTO)
    private Long id;
    private String address;
    @ManyToOne(cascade = CascadeType.ALL)
    private User user;
}

第二步: 编写DAO层,JpaRepository已经继承QueryByExampleExceutor

public interface UserAddressRepo extends JpaRepository<UserAddress,Integer>  {
}

第三步:测试

@Test
public void test01 () {
    User user = User.builder()
            .name("jack")
            .email("123456@126.com")
            .age(20)
            .build();
    userAddressRepo.saveAll(Lists.newArrayList(UserAddress.builder()
            .address("shanghai").user(user).build(),UserAddress.builder()
            .address("beijing").user(user).build()));
}
@Test
public void testQBEE() throws JsonProcessingException {
    User user = User.builder()
            .name("jack")
            .age(20)
            .email("12345")
            .build();
    UserAddress userAddress = UserAddress.builder()
            .address("shanghai")
            .user(user)
            .build();
    ObjectMapper objectMapper = new ObjectMapper();
    // 创建匹配器,构建动态查询条件
    ExampleMatcher exampleMatcher = ExampleMatcher.matching()
            .withMatcher("user.email",ExampleMatcher.GenericPropertyMatchers.startsWith())
            .withMatcher("address",ExampleMatcher.GenericPropertyMatchers.startsWith());
    Page<UserAddress> u = userAddressRepo.findAll(Example.of(userAddress,exampleMatcher), PageRequest.of(0,2));
    System.out.println(objectMapper.writerWithDefaultPrettyPrinter().writeValueAsString(u));
}

一开始写这个代码的时候,我也比较懵逼, Example是什么?ExampleMatcher是什么? 下面我一一介绍。

1.4 Example语法详解

首先:我们先看Example的源码

public interface Example<T> {
   static <T> Example<T> of(T probe) {
      return new TypedExample<>(probe, ExampleMatcher.matching());
   }
   static <T> Example<T> of(T probe, ExampleMatcher matcher) {
      return new TypedExample<>(probe, matcher);
   }
   T getProbe();
   ExampleMatcher getMatcher();
   @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
   default Class<T> getProbeType() {
      return (Class<T>) ProxyUtils.getUserClass(getProbe().getClass());
   }
}
  • probe:实际实体类,即查询条件的封装类(又可以理解为查询条件参数)
  • ExampleMatcher :匹配器,匹配特定字段的匹配规则。
  • Example:由probe 和 ExampleMatcher租车,由于创建查询,即组合查询参数和参数的匹配规则。

创建Example的两个方法 :

  • static Example of(T probe):需要一个实体参数,即查询条件。而里面的ExampleMatcher采用默认的ExamoleMatcher.matching(); 表示忽略NULL,所有字段采用精准匹配
  • static Example of(T probe, ExampleMatcher matcher):需要两个参数构建Example,也就表示ExampleMatcher自由组合规则,正如我们上面的测试用例里面的代码一样。

1.5 ExampleMatcher语法分析

上图是ExampleMatcher向外暴露的方法,我们只要关心返回值为ExampleMatcher类型的方法。

其中有三个方法我们需要注意一下:

static ExampleMatcher matching() {
   return matchingAll();
}
static ExampleMatcher matchingAll() {
   return new TypedExampleMatcher().withMode(MatchMode.ALL);
}

上述的这两种方法表达的意思是一样的。两者采用的都是MatcheMode.ALL的模式,即AND模式,生成的SQL如下:

Hibernate: select count(useraddres0_.id) as col_0_0_ from user_address useraddres0_ inner join user user1_ on useraddres0_.user_id=user1_.id where (useraddres0_.address like ? escape ?) and user1_.name=? and (user1_.email like ? escape ?) and user1_.age=20

可以看到,这些查询条件都是AND的关系。再看另外一种方法

static ExampleMatcher matchingAny() {
   return new TypedExampleMatcher().withMode(MatchMode.ANY);
}

当前方法与上面两个方法不一样的地方在于:第三个MatchMode.Any,表示查询条件是or的关系

Hibernate: select count(useraddres0_.id) as col_0_0_ from user_address useraddres0_ inner join user user1_ on useraddres0_.user_id=user1_.id where useraddres0_.address like ? escape ? or user1_.name=? or user1_.email like ? escape ? or user1_.age=20

以上就是初始化ExampleMatcher实例的方法,你在运用中需要注意and 和 or的关系

2、ExampleMatcher语法暴露常用方法

2.1 忽略大小写

// 哪些属性的paths忽略大小写,可以指定多个参数
ExampleMatcher withIgnoreCase(String... propertyPaths);
// 提供一个默认的实现方法,忽略大小写
default ExampleMatcher withIgnoreCase() {
   return withIgnoreCase(true);
}
// 默认忽略大小写的方式,默认false
ExampleMatcher withIgnoreCase(boolean defaultIgnoreCase);

2.2 NULL值的Property的处理方式

暴露的Null值处理方式如下所示:

ExampleMatcher withNullHandler(NullHandler nullHandler);

NullHandler枚举值如下所示:INCLUDE(包括)、IGNORE(忽略),

enum NullHandler {
   INCLUDE, IGNORE
}

需要注意的是: 标识作为条件的实体对象中,一个属性值(条件值)为NULL时,是否参与过滤;
当该选项值是INCLUDE时,标识仍参与过滤,会匹配数据库表中该字段值是NULL的记录;

若为IGNORE值,表示不参与过滤;

// 把(实体类中)NULL属性值作为查询条件
default ExampleMatcher withIncludeNullValues() {
   return withNullHandler(NullHandler.INCLUDE);
}
// 提供一个默认实现方法,忽略(实体类中)NULL属性
default ExampleMatcher withIgnoreNullValues() {
   return withNullHandler(NullHandler.IGNORE);
}

我们来看一下,把(实体类中)NULL属性值作为查询条件使用,执行的SQL如下所示:

Hibernate: select count(useraddres0_.id) as col_0_0_ from user_address useraddres0_ inner join user user1_ on useraddres0_.user_id=user1_.id where useraddres0_.id is null or useraddres0_.address like ? escape ? or user1_.name=? or user1_.email like ? escape ? or user1_.id is null or user1_.age=20 

2.3 忽略某些属性列表,不参与查询过滤条件

// 忽略某些属性(可以是多个),不参与查询过滤条件
ExampleMatcher withIgnorePaths(String... ignoredPaths);

2.4 字符串默认的匹配规则

ExampleMatcher withStringMatcher(StringMatcher defaultStringMatcher);

默认字符串的匹配方式有以下几种 ,如下所示:

enum StringMatcher {
   DEFAULT,
   EXACT,
   STARTING,
   ENDING,
   CONTAINING,
   REGEX;
}

DEFAULT:默认,作用和EXACT一样
EXACT:相等
STARTING:开始匹配
ENDING:结束匹配
CONTAINING:包含、模糊匹配
REGEX:正则表达式

使用方法如下

withStringMatcher(ExampleMatcher.StringMatcher.ENDING)

或指定某些字符串属性匹配规则

ExampleMatcher withMatcher(String propertyPath, GenericPropertyMatcher genericPropertyMatcher);

3、实践出真理

就从上面介绍的方法,我们手动练习一下。

新建一张Dog表

@Data
@Entity
@AllArgsConstructor
@NoArgsConstructor
@Table(name = "tb_dog")
public class Dog {
    @Id
    @GeneratedValue(strategy = GenerationType.IDENTITY)
    @Column(columnDefinition = "int(11) NOT NULL COMMENT '主键' ")
    private Integer id;
    @Column(columnDefinition = "varchar(30) DEFAULT '' COMMENT '宠物名'")
    private String name;
    @Column(columnDefinition = "int(11) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '年龄'")
    private Integer age;
}

3.1 AND查询

解释:根据当前dog对象的属性值作为查询条件去查询

@Test
public void testBy01(){
    Dog dog = Dog.builder()
            .name("TIMI")
            .age(2)
            .build();
    // AND 查询
    ExampleMatcher matcher = ExampleMatcher.matching(); //ExampleMatcher.matchingAll()  也可以
    System.out.println(dogRepo.findAll(Example.of(dog, matcher)));
}

执行SQL结果如下所示:

Hibernate: select dog0_.id as id1_3_, dog0_.age as age2_3_, dog0_.name as name3_3_ from tb_dog dog0_ where dog0_.name=? and dog0_.age=2

3.2 OR 查询

解释:根据当前dog对象的属性值作为查询条件去查询

@Test
public void testBy02(){
    Dog dog = Dog.builder()
            .name("TIMI")
            .age(2)
            .build();
    // OR 查询
    ExampleMatcher matcher = ExampleMatcher.matchingAny(); 
    System.out.println(dogRepo.findAll(Example.of(dog, matcher)));
}

执行SQL结果如下所示:

select dog0_.id as id1_3_, dog0_.age as age2_3_, dog0_.name as name3_3_ from tb_dog dog0_ where dog0_.name=? or dog0_.age=2

3.3 忽略大小写查询

解释:指定"name"属性忽略大小写

@Test
public void testBy03(){
    Dog dog = Dog.builder()
            .name("TIMI")
            .age(2)
            .build();
    ExampleMatcher matcher = ExampleMatcher.matching()
            .withIgnoreCase("name");
    System.out.println(dogRepo.findAll(Example.of(dog, matcher)));
}

执行SQL结果如下所示:

select dog0_.id as id1_3_, dog0_.age as age2_3_, dog0_.name as name3_3_ from tb_dog dog0_ where lower(dog0_.name)=? and dog0_.age=2

在Dog表中添加type字段

@Column(columnDefinition = "varchar(20) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '种类'")
private String type;

3.3.1 忽略大小写 不指定属性

解释:不指定属性,默认为所有查询字符串条件加上忽略大小写条件

@Test
public void testBy04(){
    Dog dog = Dog.builder()
            .name("TIMI")
            .age(2)
            .type("L")
            .build();
    ExampleMatcher matcher = ExampleMatcher.matching()
            .withIgnoreCase();
    System.out.println(dogRepo.findAll(Example.of(dog, matcher)));
}

执行SQL结果如下所示:

select dog0_.id as id1_3_, dog0_.age as age2_3_, dog0_.name as name3_3_, dog0_.type as type4_3_ from tb_dog dog0_ where lower(dog0_.name)=? and lower(dog0_.type)=? and dog0_.age=2

3.4 NULL值的处理

3.4.1 NULL属性值作为查询条件

解释:把(实体类中)NULL属性值作为查询条件使用

@Test
public void testBy05(){
    Dog dog = Dog.builder()
            .name("TIMI")
            .age(2)
            .type("L")
            .build();
    ExampleMatcher matcher = ExampleMatcher.matching()
            .withIgnoreCase()
                    .withIncludeNullValues();
    System.out.println(dogRepo.findAll(Example.of(dog, matcher)));
}

执行SQL结果如下所示:

select dog0_.id as id1_3_, dog0_.age as age2_3_, dog0_.name as name3_3_, dog0_.type as type4_3_ from tb_dog dog0_ where lower(dog0_.type)=? and (dog0_.id is null) and dog0_.age=2 and lower(dog0_.name)=?

3.4.2 忽略(实体类中)NULL属性

解释:把(实体类中)NULL属性值忽略

@Test
public void testBy06(){
    Dog dog = Dog.builder()
            .name("TIMI")
            .age(2)
            .type("L")
            .build();
    ExampleMatcher matcher = ExampleMatcher.matching()
            .withIgnoreNullValues();
    System.out.println(dogRepo.findAll(Example.of(dog, matcher)));
}

执行SQL结果如下所示:

select dog0_.id as id1_3_, dog0_.age as age2_3_, dog0_.name as name3_3_, dog0_.type as type4_3_ from tb_dog dog0_ where dog0_.name=? and dog0_.type=? and dog0_.age=2

3.5 忽略某些属性不做筛选

解释:把(实体类中)某些属性忽略掉,不做筛选

@Test
public void testBy07(){
    Dog dog = Dog.builder()
            .name("TIMI")
            .age(2)
            .type("L")
            .build();
    // 忽略掉"name" 和 "type"两个属性
    ExampleMatcher matcher = ExampleMatcher.matching()
            .withIgnorePaths("name","type");
    System.out.println(dogRepo.findAll(Example.of(dog, matcher)));
}

执行SQL结果如下所示:

select dog0_.id as id1_3_, dog0_.age as age2_3_, dog0_.name as name3_3_, dog0_.type as type4_3_ from tb_dog dog0_ where dog0_.age=2

3.6 字符串匹配规则

3.6.1 DEFAULT和EXACT 相等

解释:把(实体类中)所有字符串属性匹配规则设置为 EXACT (相等)

@Test
public void testBy08(){
    Dog dog = Dog.builder()
            .name("TIMI")
            .age(2)
            .type("L")
            .build();
    ExampleMatcher matcher = ExampleMatcher.matching()
                     // 字符串属性提供的匹配规则 EXACT相等
                    .withStringMatcher( ExampleMatcher.StringMatcher.EXACT);
    System.out.println(dogRepo.findAll(Example.of(dog, matcher)));
}

执行SQL结果如下所示:

select dog0_.id as id1_3_, dog0_.age as age2_3_, dog0_.name as name3_3_, dog0_.type as type4_3_ from tb_dog dog0_ where dog0_.name=? and dog0_.age=2 and dog0_.type=?

3.6.2 STARTING和ENDING 模糊查询【开始匹配(?1 + %) 和 结束匹配(% + ?1 )) 】

解释:把(实体类中)所有字符串属性匹配规则设置为 STARTING/ENDING (模糊查询)

public void testBy09(){
    Dog dog = Dog.builder()
            .name("TIMI")
            .age(2)
            .type("L")
            .build();
    ExampleMatcher matcher = ExampleMatcher.matching()
                     // 设置为开始匹配
                    .withStringMatcher(ExampleMatcher.StringMatcher.STARTING);
                     // 设置为结束匹配
                  //.withStringMatcher(ExampleMatcher.StringMatcher.ENDING);
    System.out.println(dogRepo.findAll(Example.of(dog, matcher)));
}

执行SQL结果如下所示:

select dog0_.id as id1_3_, dog0_.age as age2_3_, dog0_.name as name3_3_, dog0_.type as type4_3_ from tb_dog dog0_ where dog0_.age=2 and (dog0_.type like ? escape ?) and (dog0_.name like ? escape ?)

3.6.3 Containing 包含模糊匹配【% + ?1 + %】

解释:把(实体类中)所有字符串属性匹配规则设置为 Containing (包含模糊查询)

@Test
public void testBy11(){
    Dog dog = Dog.builder()
            .name("TIMI")
            .age(2)
            .type("L")
            .build();
    ExampleMatcher matcher = ExampleMatcher.matching()
             // 包含模糊查询
            .withStringMatcher(ExampleMatcher.StringMatcher.CONTAINING);
    System.out.println(dogRepo.findAll(Example.of(dog, matcher)));
}

执行SQL结果如下所示:

select dog0_.id as id1_3_, dog0_.age as age2_3_, dog0_.name as name3_3_, dog0_.type as type4_3_ from tb_dog dog0_ where dog0_.age=2 and (dog0_.type like ? escape ?) and (dog0_.name like ? escape ?)

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