学习 MFC 编程的先决条件

As mentioned previously, MFC is to a large extent a resource management wrapper around Windows API. Often there is a direct mapping between Windows API resources and MFC objects (like HWND : CWnd, or HDC : CDC). If you understand constructors, destructors and object lifetime you're pretty much all set in that department.

使用 MFC 的基于模板的容器(如 CMap) 你自然会接触到模板.那里没有太多涉及，只是非常基本的类型参数化以重用容器代码并启用类型安全的元素访问.MFC 容器的介绍可以在这里找到:Collections.

When using MFC's template-based containers (like CMap) you will be exposed to templates, naturally. Nothing too involved there, just very basic type parameterization to reuse the container code and enable type-safe element access. An introduction to MFC containers can be found here: Collections.

异常在 MFC 中很少使用，主要是在访问文件或序列化数据时.您仍然应该知道如何编写异常安全代码；您将在非平凡的应用程序中看到异常.可以在 MFC 中的异常处理中找到概述.

Exceptions are used rarely in MFC, mostly when accessing files or when serializing data. You should still know how to write exception safe code; you will see exceptions in non-trivial applications. An overview can be found at Exception Handling in MFC.

预处理器不是真正属于 C++ 的一部分，但在整个 MFC 中广泛使用的一个领域是预处理器.无论您的 MFC 应用程序多么微不足道，都会有宏.您必须非常了解预处理器的语法以及预处理器的操作方式.

One area which is not really part of C++ but used extensively throughout the MFC is the preprocessor. Regardless of how trivial your MFC application is, there will be macros. You have to have a very good understanding of both the preprocessor syntax as well as how the preprocessor operates.

3.工具:

虽然可以单独使用记事本编写 MFC 应用程序，但这样做肯定不是很有效.纯文本编辑器可能是学习该平台的好主意，但当需要满足里程碑和截止日期时，您肯定会想要使用功能强大的 IDE.

While it is possible to write MFC applications with Notepad alone it is certainly not very efficient to do so. A plain text editor might be a good idea for learning the platform, but when it comes time to meet milestones and deadlines you certainly will want to use a powerful IDE.

MFC 几乎暗示了 Visual Studio 的使用，我假设这就是您正在使用的.如果您使用的是 VS6 或 VS2010(或更高版本)，您将可以访问 MFC 类向导.这是您将经常使用的工具.为了安全地操作它，您必须熟悉它为您生成的代码.玩弄它，检查生成的代码，并尝试建立它的心理模型.如果还没有意义，你应该稍后再回来.

MFC pretty much implies the use of Visual Studio and I will assume that's what you're using. If you are using VS6 or VS2010 (or later) you will have access to the MFC Class Wizard. This is a tool you will be using frequently. To safely operate it you must get familiar with the code it generates for you. Play around with it, inspect the generated code, and try to build a mental model of it. If it doesn't make sense yet you should return later.

MFC 类向导几乎肯定会生成预处理器代码.它隐藏了大量的复杂性，您需要了解这些复杂性才能安全使用.使用 IDE 浏览预处理器宏，尝试在您的脑海中扩展它们，看看您是否理解生成的代码.如果您在解开宏调用时遇到困难，请让编译器使用 /P(预处理到文件) 编译器选项.

The MFC class wizard will almost certainly generate preprocessor code. It hides a tremendous amount of complexity which you need to understand to use safely. Use the IDE to navigate through the preprocessor macros, try to expand them in your mind, and see if you understand the resulting code. If you are having difficulty unmangling the macro invocations have the compiler output the preprocessed code for you using the /P (Preprocess to a File) compiler option.

有时您必须查看或调试 MFC 源代码.要使源代码可用于源代码浏览和调试器，您必须设置 VC++ 目录 以包括以下内容(如果尚不存在):

Occasionally you have to look or debug into the MFC source code. To make the source code available to source browsing and the debugger you have to set up the VC++ Directories to include the following (if not already present):

$(VCInstallDir)atlmfcsrcmfc
$(VCInstallDir)atlmfcsrcmfcm
$(VCInstallDir)atlmfcsrcatl

根据 IDE，这可以通过工具 -> 选项:项目和解决方案 -> VC++ 目录 或项目设置的属性表来完成.

Depending on the IDE this is either done through Tools -> Options: Projects and Solutions -> VC++ Directories or the property sheet of your project settings.