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Matplotlib 3D打印：设置右侧纵横比

Python问题
2022-01-01

Matplotlib 3D plot: set right aspect ratio(Matplotlib 3D打印：设置右侧纵横比)

本文介绍了Matplotlib 3D打印：设置右侧纵横比的处理方法，对大家解决问题具有一定的参考价值，需要的朋友们下面随着小编来一起学习吧！

问题描述

我正在使用matplotlib来绘制3D图像。打印时，长度/宽度/高度自动缩放，与其实际值不成正比，即长度是高度的6倍，但图片显示的三个轴的比例几乎相同(见下文第一张图片)。

如何修改配置以使其按照如下所示的垂直轴值以正确的比例显示？

以下是我的代码：

from py3dbp import Packer, Bin, Item
from mpl_toolkits.mplot3d import Axes3D
from mpl_toolkits.mplot3d.art3d import Poly3DCollection
import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import random





def cuboid_data2(o, size=(1, 1, 1)):
    X = [[[0, 1, 0], [0, 0, 0], [1, 0, 0], [1, 1, 0]],
         [[0, 0, 0], [0, 0, 1], [1, 0, 1], [1, 0, 0]],
         [[1, 0, 1], [1, 0, 0], [1, 1, 0], [1, 1, 1]],
         [[0, 0, 1], [0, 0, 0], [0, 1, 0], [0, 1, 1]],
         [[0, 1, 0], [0, 1, 1], [1, 1, 1], [1, 1, 0]],
         [[0, 1, 1], [0, 0, 1], [1, 0, 1], [1, 1, 1]]]
    X = np.array(X).astype(float)
    for i in range(3):
        X[:, :, i] *= size[i]
    X += np.array(o)
    return X


def plotCubeAt2(positions, sizes=None, colors=None, **kwargs):
    if not isinstance(colors, (list, np.ndarray)): colors = ["C0"] * len(positions)
    if not isinstance(sizes, (list, np.ndarray)): sizes = [(1, 1, 1)] * len(positions)
    g = []
    for p, s, c in zip(positions, sizes, colors):
        g.append(cuboid_data2(p, size=s))
    return Poly3DCollection(np.concatenate(g),
                            facecolors=np.repeat(colors, 6), **kwargs)





# containers = [
#   [250, 250, 500],
#   [500, 500, 400],
#   [300, 300, 300],
#   [300, 300, 200],
#   [300, 300, 100],
#   [500, 500, 500]
# ]



# containers = [
# #     [12000000, 2350000, 2697000],
# #     [12000000, 2350000, 2697000],
# #     [12000000, 2350000, 2697000],
# #     # [12000000, 2350000, 2697000],
# #     # [12000000, 2350000, 2697000],
# #     # [12000000, 2350000, 2697000],
# # ]


containers = [
    [589.5, 235, 239],
    [1202.4, 235, 269],
    # [1202.4, 235, 269],
    # [12.024, 2.350, 2.69],
    # [12.024, 2.350, 2.69],
    # [12.024, 2.350, 2.69],
]



packer = Packer()

containerX = 0
containerY = 0
containerZ = 0



for i, t in enumerate(range(len(containers))):
    containerX = containers[t][0]
    containerY = containers[t][1]
    containerZ = containers[t][2]
    i += 1
    packer.add_bin(Bin('40HC-' + str(i), containerX, containerY, containerZ, 18000.0))



for i in range(50):
    packer.add_item(Item('BoxA_' + str(i), 44, 39, 70, 8.20))

for i in range(35):
    packer.add_item(Item('BoxB_' + str(i), 65, 38, 40, 14))

for i in range(31):
    packer.add_item(Item('BoxC_' + str(i), 43, 52, 47, 10))

for i in range(38):
    packer.add_item(Item('BoxD_' + str(i), 60, 45, 40, 14))

for i in range(11):
    packer.add_item(Item('BoxE_' + str(i), 42, 46, 54, 9.70))

for i in range(525):
    packer.add_item(Item('BoxF_' + str(i), 62, 45, 35, 14.5))




# packer.pack()
# packer.pack(bigger_first=False)
packer.pack(bigger_first=False, distribute_items=True, number_of_decimals=3)





for b in packer.bins:
    positions = []
    sizes = []
    colors = []
    print(":::::::::::", b.string())

    print("FITTED ITEMS:")
    for item in b.items:
        print("====> ", item.string())
        x = float(item.position[0])
        y = float(item.position[1])
        z = float(item.position[2])
        positions.append((x, y, z))
        sizes.append(
            (float(item.get_dimension()[0]), float(item.get_dimension()[1]), float(item.get_dimension()[2])))

        colorList = ["crimson", "limegreen", "g", "r", "c", "m", "y", "k"]
        if item.width == 44:
            colors.append(colorList[0])
        if item.width == 65:
            colors.append(colorList[1])
        if item.width == 43:
            colors.append(colorList[2])
        if item.width == 60:
            colors.append(colorList[3])
        if item.width == 42:
            colors.append(colorList[4])
        if item.width == 62:
            colors.append(colorList[5])


    print("UNFITTED ITEMS:")
    for item in b.unfitted_items:
        print("====> ", item.string())

    print("***************************************************")
    print("***************************************************")

    # colorList = ["crimson", "limegreen", "g", "r", "c", "m", "y", "k"]
    #
    # for i in range(len(b.items)):
    #   f = random.randint(0, 7)
    #   colors.append(colorList[f])


    if len(colors) > 0:
        fig = plt.figure()
        fig.canvas.set_window_title(b.string().split("(")[0])
        ax = fig.gca(projection='3d')
        ax.set_aspect('auto')
        pc = plotCubeAt2(positions, sizes, colors=colors, edgecolor="k")
        ax.add_collection3d(pc)

        ax.set_xlim([0, float(b.string().split(",")[0].split("(")[1].split("x")[0])])
        ax.set_ylim([0, float(b.string().split(",")[0].split("(")[1].split("x")[1])])
        ax.set_zlim([0, float(b.string().split(",")[0].split("(")[1].split("x")[2])])



plt.show()

更新

  containers = [
    [1203, 235, 259],
    [1203, 235, 259],
    # [1202.4, 235, 269],
    # [12.024, 2.350, 2.69],
    # [12.024, 2.350, 2.69],
    # [12.024, 2.350, 2.69],
]

我已更新matplotlib以使用.SET_BOX_Aspect函数。似乎有两个问题：

  1. x y z轴标签严重重叠。它不会自动调整。

  2. 使用.SET_BOX_ACTIVE后，绘图图片变得更小。放大图形图像时，轴不会相应地自动放大。因此，中心的图像将与边缘的轴重叠，这是相似的。

  3. 此外，尽管绘制成功，但仍显示错误消息。

    RuntimeWarning: divide by zero encountered in double_scalars
dz /= az

 ..........

 x, y, z = proj3d.inv_transform(xd, yd, z, self.M)
   File "C:UsersJackAppDataLocalProgramsPythonPython36libsite-packagesmpl_toolkitsmplot3dproj3d.py", line 125, in inv_transform
     iM = linalg.inv(M)
   File "<__array_function__ internals>", line 6, in inv
   File "C:UsersJackAppDataRoamingPythonPython36site-packages
umpylinalglinalg.py", line 546, in inv
     ainv = _umath_linalg.inv(a, signature=signature, extobj=extobj)
   File "C:UsersJackAppDataRoamingPythonPython36site-packages
umpylinalglinalg.py", line 88, in _raise_linalgerror_singular
     raise LinAlgError("Singular matrix")
 numpy.linalg.LinAlgError: Singular matrix

有没有缓解上述问题的方法？

推荐答案

如果您有长方体的顶点坐标，则可以使用matplotlib.axes.Axes.set_box_aspect，如this answer中所述。
这意味着在绘制之前，您必须在代码的底部添加以下行：

positions_array = np.array(positions)
ax.set_box_aspect((np.ptp(positions_array[:, 0]), np.ptp(positions_array[:, 1]), np.ptp(positions_array[:, 2])))

from py3dbp import Packer, Bin, Item
from mpl_toolkits.mplot3d import Axes3D
from mpl_toolkits.mplot3d.art3d import Poly3DCollection
import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import random





def cuboid_data2(o, size=(1, 1, 1)):
    X = [[[0, 1, 0], [0, 0, 0], [1, 0, 0], [1, 1, 0]],
         [[0, 0, 0], [0, 0, 1], [1, 0, 1], [1, 0, 0]],
         [[1, 0, 1], [1, 0, 0], [1, 1, 0], [1, 1, 1]],
         [[0, 0, 1], [0, 0, 0], [0, 1, 0], [0, 1, 1]],
         [[0, 1, 0], [0, 1, 1], [1, 1, 1], [1, 1, 0]],
         [[0, 1, 1], [0, 0, 1], [1, 0, 1], [1, 1, 1]]]
    X = np.array(X).astype(float)
    for i in range(3):
        X[:, :, i] *= size[i]
    X += np.array(o)
    return X


def plotCubeAt2(positions, sizes=None, colors=None, **kwargs):
    if not isinstance(colors, (list, np.ndarray)): colors = ["C0"] * len(positions)
    if not isinstance(sizes, (list, np.ndarray)): sizes = [(1, 1, 1)] * len(positions)
    g = []
    for p, s, c in zip(positions, sizes, colors):
        g.append(cuboid_data2(p, size=s))
    return Poly3DCollection(np.concatenate(g),
                            facecolors=np.repeat(colors, 6), **kwargs)





# containers = [
#   [250, 250, 500],
#   [500, 500, 400],
#   [300, 300, 300],
#   [300, 300, 200],
#   [300, 300, 100],
#   [500, 500, 500]
# ]



# containers = [
# #     [12000000, 2350000, 2697000],
# #     [12000000, 2350000, 2697000],
# #     [12000000, 2350000, 2697000],
# #     # [12000000, 2350000, 2697000],
# #     # [12000000, 2350000, 2697000],
# #     # [12000000, 2350000, 2697000],
# # ]


containers = [
    [589.5, 235, 239],
    [1202.4, 235, 269],
    # [1202.4, 235, 269],
    # [12.024, 2.350, 2.69],
    # [12.024, 2.350, 2.69],
    # [12.024, 2.350, 2.69],
]



packer = Packer()

containerX = 0
containerY = 0
containerZ = 0



for i, t in enumerate(range(len(containers))):
    containerX = containers[t][0]
    containerY = containers[t][1]
    containerZ = containers[t][2]
    i += 1
    packer.add_bin(Bin('40HC-' + str(i), containerX, containerY, containerZ, 18000.0))



for i in range(50):
    packer.add_item(Item('BoxA_' + str(i), 44, 39, 70, 8.20))

for i in range(35):
    packer.add_item(Item('BoxB_' + str(i), 65, 38, 40, 14))

for i in range(31):
    packer.add_item(Item('BoxC_' + str(i), 43, 52, 47, 10))

for i in range(38):
    packer.add_item(Item('BoxD_' + str(i), 60, 45, 40, 14))

for i in range(11):
    packer.add_item(Item('BoxE_' + str(i), 42, 46, 54, 9.70))

for i in range(525):
    packer.add_item(Item('BoxF_' + str(i), 62, 45, 35, 14.5))




# packer.pack()
# packer.pack(bigger_first=False)
packer.pack(bigger_first=False, distribute_items=True, number_of_decimals=3)





for b in packer.bins:
    positions = []
    sizes = []
    colors = []
    print(":::::::::::", b.string())

    print("FITTED ITEMS:")
    for item in b.items:
        print("====> ", item.string())
        x = float(item.position[0])
        y = float(item.position[1])
        z = float(item.position[2])
        positions.append((x, y, z))
        sizes.append(
            (float(item.get_dimension()[0]), float(item.get_dimension()[1]), float(item.get_dimension()[2])))

        colorList = ["crimson", "limegreen", "g", "r", "c", "m", "y", "k"]
        if item.width == 44:
            colors.append(colorList[0])
        if item.width == 65:
            colors.append(colorList[1])
        if item.width == 43:
            colors.append(colorList[2])
        if item.width == 60:
            colors.append(colorList[3])
        if item.width == 42:
            colors.append(colorList[4])
        if item.width == 62:
            colors.append(colorList[5])


    print("UNFITTED ITEMS:")
    for item in b.unfitted_items:
        print("====> ", item.string())

    print("***************************************************")
    print("***************************************************")

    # colorList = ["crimson", "limegreen", "g", "r", "c", "m", "y", "k"]
    #
    # for i in range(len(b.items)):
    #   f = random.randint(0, 7)
    #   colors.append(colorList[f])


    if len(colors) > 0:
        fig = plt.figure()
        fig.canvas.set_window_title(b.string().split("(")[0])
        ax = fig.gca(projection='3d')
        ax.set_aspect('auto')
        pc = plotCubeAt2(positions, sizes, colors=colors, edgecolor="k")
        ax.add_collection3d(pc)

        ax.set_xlim([0, float(b.string().split(",")[0].split("(")[1].split("x")[0])])
        ax.set_ylim([0, float(b.string().split(",")[0].split("(")[1].split("x")[1])])
        ax.set_zlim([0, float(b.string().split(",")[0].split("(")[1].split("x")[2])])

        positions_array = np.array(positions)
        ax.set_box_aspect((np.ptp(positions_array[:, 0]), np.ptp(positions_array[:, 1]), np.ptp(positions_array[:, 2])))

plt.show()

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