iOS开发技巧之自定义相机-移动开发

最近公司的项目中用到了相机，由于不用系统的相机，UI给的相机切图，必须自定义才可以。就花时间简单研究了一下相机的自定义。

相机属于系统硬件，这就需要我们来手动调用iPhone的相机硬件，分为以下步骤：

1、首先声明以下对象


#import <AVFoundation/AVFoundation.h>
//捕获设备，通常是前置摄像头，后置摄像头，麦克风（音频输入）
@property (nonatomic, strong) AVCaptureDevice *device;
 
//AVCaptureDeviceInput 代表输入设备，他使用AVCaptureDevice 来初始化
@property (nonatomic, strong) AVCaptureDeviceInput *input;
 
//输出图片
@property (nonatomic ,strong) AVCaptureStillImageOutput *imageOutput;
 
//session：由他把输入输出结合在一起，并开始启动捕获设备（摄像头）
@property (nonatomic, strong) AVCaptureSession *session;
 
//图像预览层，实时显示捕获的图像
@property (nonatomic ,strong) AVCaptureVideoPreviewLayer *previewLayer;

2、初始化各个对象


- (void)cameraDistrict
{
// AVCaptureDevicePositionBack 后置摄像头
// AVCaptureDevicePositionFront 前置摄像头
 self.device = [self cameraWithPosition:AVCaptureDevicePositionFront];
 self.input = [[AVCaptureDeviceInput alloc] initWithDevice:self.device error:nil];
 
 self.imageOutput = [[AVCaptureStillImageOutput alloc] init];
 
 self.session = [[AVCaptureSession alloc] init];
 //  拿到的图像的大小可以自行设定
 // AVCaptureSessionPreset320x240
 // AVCaptureSessionPreset352x288
 // AVCaptureSessionPreset640x480
 // AVCaptureSessionPreset960x540
 // AVCaptureSessionPreset1280x720
 // AVCaptureSessionPreset1920x1080
 // AVCaptureSessionPreset3840x2160
 self.session.sessionPreset = AVCaptureSessionPreset640x480;
 //输入输出设备结合
 if ([self.session canAddInput:self.input]) {
  [self.session addInput:self.input];
 }
 if ([self.session canAddOutput:self.imageOutput]) {
  [self.session addOutput:self.imageOutput];
 }
 //预览层的生成
 self.previewLayer = [[AVCaptureVideoPreviewLayer alloc] initWithSession:self.session];
 self.previewLayer.frame = CGRectMake(0, 64, SCREEN_WIDTH, SCREEN_HEIGHT-64);
 self.previewLayer.videoGravity = AVLayerVideoGravityResizeAspectFill;
 [self.view.layer addSublayer:self.previewLayer];
 //设备取景开始
 [self.session startRunning];
 if ([_device lockForConfiguration:nil]) {
 //自动闪光灯，
  if ([_device isFlashModeSupported:AVCaptureFlashModeAuto]) {
   [_device setFlashMode:AVCaptureFlashModeAuto];
  }
  //自动白平衡,但是好像一直都进不去
  if ([_device isWhiteBalanceModeSupported:AVCaptureWhiteBalanceModeAutoWhiteBalance]) {
   [_device setWhiteBalanceMode:AVCaptureWhiteBalanceModeAutoWhiteBalance];
  }
  [_device unlockForConfiguration];
 }
 
}

根据前后置位置拿到相应的摄像头：


- (AVCaptureDevice *)cameraWithPosition:(AVCaptureDevicePosition)position{
 NSArray *devices = [AVCaptureDevice devicesWithMediaType:AVMediaTypeVideo];
 for ( AVCaptureDevice *device in devices )
  if ( device.position == position ){
   return device;
  }
 return nil;
}

3、拍照拿到相应图片：


- (void)photoBtnDidClick
{
 AVCaptureConnection *conntion = [self.imageOutput connectionWithMediaType:AVMediaTypeVideo];
  if (!conntion) {
   NSLog(@"拍照失败!");
   return;
   }
 [self.imageOutput captureStillImageAsynchronouslyFromConnection:conntion completionHandler:^(CMSampleBufferRef imageDataSampleBuffer, NSError *error) {
  if (imageDataSampleBuffer == nil) {
   return ;
   }
  NSData *imageData = [AVCaptureStillImageOutput jpegStillImageNSDataRepresentation:imageDataSampleBuffer];
  self.image = [UIImage imageWithData:imageData];
  [self.session stopRunning];
  [self.view addSubview:self.cameraImageView];
}

4、保存照片到相册：


#pragma - 保存至相册
- (void)saveImageToPhotoAlbum:(UIImage*)savedImage
{
 
 UIImageWriteToSavedPhotosAlbum(savedImage, self, @selector(image:didFinishSavingWithError:contextInfo:), NULL);
 
}
// 指定回调方法
 
- (void)image: (UIImage *) image didFinishSavingWithError: (NSError *) error contextInfo: (void *) contextInfo
 
{
 NSString *msg = nil ;
 if(error != NULL){
  msg = @"保存图片失败" ;
 }else{
  msg = @"保存图片成功" ;
 }
 UIAlertView *alert = [[UIAlertView alloc] initWithTitle:@"保存图片结果提示"
           message:msg
           delegate:self
           cancelButtonTitle:@"确定"
           otherButtonTitles:nil];
 [alert show];
}

5、前后置摄像头的切换


- (void)changeCamera{
 NSUInteger cameraCount = [[AVCaptureDevice devicesWithMediaType:AVMediaTypeVideo] count];
 if (cameraCount > 1) {
  NSError *error;
  //给摄像头的切换添加翻转动画
  CATransition *animation = [CATransition animation]；
  animation.duration = .5f；
  animation.timingFunction = [CAMediaTimingFunction functionWithName:kCAMediaTimingFunctionEaseInEaseOut];
  animation.type = @"oglFlip";
 
  AVCaptureDevice *newCamera = nil;
  AVCaptureDeviceInput *newInput = nil;
 //拿到另外一个摄像头位置
  AVCaptureDevicePosition position = [[_input device] position];
  if (position == AVCaptureDevicePositionFront){
   newCamera = [self cameraWithPosition:AVCaptureDevicePositionBack];
   animation.subtype = kCATransitionFromLeft;//动画翻转方向
  }
  else {
   newCamera = [self cameraWithPosition:AVCaptureDevicePositionFront];
   animation.subtype = kCATransitionFromRight;//动画翻转方向
  }
  //生成新的输入
  newInput = [AVCaptureDeviceInput deviceInputWithDevice:newCamera error:nil];
  [self.previewLayer addAnimation:animation forKey:nil];
  if (newInput != nil) {
   [self.session beginConfiguration];
   [self.session removeInput:self.input];
   if ([self.session canAddInput:newInput]) {
    [self.session addInput:newInput];
    self.input = newInput;
 
   } else {
    [self.session addInput:self.input];
   }
   [self.session commitConfiguration];
 
  } else if (error) {
   NSLog(@"toggle carema failed, error = %@", error);
  }
 }
}

6、相机的其它参数设置


//AVCaptureFlashMode 闪光灯
//AVCaptureFocusMode 对焦
//AVCaptureExposureMode 曝光
//AVCaptureWhiteBalanceMode 白平衡
//闪光灯和白平衡可以在生成相机时候设置
//曝光要根据对焦点的光线状况而决定,所以和对焦一块写
//point为点击的位置
- (void)focusAtPoint:(CGPoint)point{
 CGSize size = self.view.bounds.size;
 CGPoint focusPoint = CGPointMake( point.y /size.height ,1-point.x/size.width );
 NSError *error;
 if ([self.device lockForConfiguration:&error]) {
  //对焦模式和对焦点
  if ([self.device isFocusModeSupported:AVCaptureFocusModeAutoFocus]) {
   [self.device setFocusPointOfInterest:focusPoint];
   [self.device setFocusMode:AVCaptureFocusModeAutoFocus];
  }
  //曝光模式和曝光点
  if ([self.device isExposureModeSupported:AVCaptureExposureModeAutoExpose ]) {
   [self.device setExposurePointOfInterest:focusPoint];
   [self.device setExposureMode:AVCaptureExposureModeAutoExpose];
  }
 
  [self.device unlockForConfiguration];
  //设置对焦动画
  _focusView.center = point;
  _focusView.hidden = NO;
  [UIView animateWithDuration:0.3 animations:^{
   _focusView.transform = CGAffineTransformMakeScale(1.25, 1.25);
  }completion:^(BOOL finished) {
   [UIView animateWithDuration:0.5 animations:^{
    _focusView.transform = CGAffineTransformIdentity;
   } completion:^(BOOL finished) {
    _focusView.hidden = YES;
   }];
  }];
 }
 
}

7、遇到的一些坑和解决办法

1) 前后置摄像头的切换

前后值不能切换，各种尝试找了半天没找到有原因。后来发现我在设置图片尺寸的时候设置为1080P [self.session canSetSessionPreset: AVCaptureSessionPreset1920x1080] ，前置摄像头并不支持这么大的尺寸，所以就不能切换前置摄像头。我验证了下前置摄像头最高支持720P,720P以内可自由切换。　　

当然也可以在前后置摄像头切换的时候，根据前后摄像头来设置不同的尺寸，这里不在赘述。

2）焦点位置

CGPoint focusPoint = CGPointMake( point.y /size.height ,1-point.x/size.width );
setExposurePointOfInterest：focusPoint 函数后面Point取值范围是取景框左上角（0，0）到取景框右下角（1，1）之间。官方是这么写的：

　　The value of this property is a CGPoint that determines the receiver's focus point of interest, if it has one. A value of (0,0) indicates that the camera should focus on the top left corner of the image, while a value of (1,1) indicates that it should focus on the bottom right. The default value is (0.5,0.5).

我也试了按这个来但位置就是不对，只能按上面的写法才可以。前面是点击位置的y/PreviewLayer的高度，后面是1-点击位置的x/PreviewLayer的宽度

3）对焦和曝光

我在设置对焦是先设置了模式setFocusMode，后设置对焦位置，就会导致很奇怪的现象，对焦位置是你上次点击的位置。所以一定要先设置位置，再设置对焦模式。
曝光同上

8、写在最后

附上demo：photographDemo

常用到的基本就这么多，写的并不完善，有什么不对的，欢迎大家批评指正，共同学习。

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